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{{embroidery|Overview}}
{{syllabus
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|is_part_of_syllabus=Machine embroidery
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|is_module_of=Computerized embroidery
|do_not_show_sub_page=No
|status=to improve
|see_also=Embroidery software,
Embroidery machine,
Embroidery glossary,
Concepts of computerized embroidery,
Embroidery and sewing needle,
Embroidery stitch type,
Hooping and stabilizing in computerized embroidery,
Embroider on socks,
Embroidery patch,
Computerized embroidery in education,
Conference embroidery,
Hotfix stone
|cat_syllabus=Computerized embroidery
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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


'''Computer-controlled embroidery ''' also called '''machine embroidery''' is a kind of [[Computer-aided design and manufacturing]] (CAD/CAM). We shall introduce some (1) basic principles, (2) existing hardware and (3) existing software and also include some information about computer-controlled sewing. More technical information about computerized embroidery is available in other articles available indexed in the [[:category:computerized embroidery|computerized embroidery]] categoy.
'''Computerized embroidery''', also called '''Computer-controlled embroidery''' or simply '''machine embroidery''' is a kind of [[Computer-aided design and manufacturing]] (CAD/CAM).


See also:
See the {{goblock|content=[[Machine embroidery]]|nowrap=yes}} portal page for a list of all embroidery-related topics.
* [[Fab lab]], an introduction to end user-created design and fabrication (including a description of many other types of computer-controlled machinery)
* [[Stitch Era embroidery software]], a partial "how to" guide to this free embroidery software suite, split over several articles, e.g.:
** [[Stitch Era - simple digitizing]]
** [[Stitch Era - adjusting stitch sections]]
** [[Stitch Era - lettering]]
** [[Stitch Era - vector graphics]]
* [[Concepts of computerized embroidery]] (rough draft as of May 22, planned as a short lexicon)
* [[Elna 8300]], the embroidery-only model we bought in may 2011.


Expect more & better wiki entries after I gained some experience with this. I am totally new to computerized embroidery. On May 11 I bought a [[Elna 8300|machine]]. [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]] April 19 / Mai 22 2011.
In this short article, we shall introduce some basic principles. More technical information about computerized embroidery is available in other articles available indexed in the [[:category:computerized embroidery|computerized embroidery]] category.  
'''Computerized [[embroidery machine]]s''' are specialized machines that can create embroidery from computerized designs. Such machines exist for the home market, for the small independent professional and for mass production. Many home sewing machines can be turned into an embroidery machine by adding a hardware module. [[Embroidery machine]]s can be found in [[fab lab]]s and other [[maker space]]s.  


Professional '''Computerized embroidery machines''' are specialized machines that can create embroidery from computerized designs. Such machines exist for the home market, for the small independant professional and for mass production.
'''[[Embroidery software|Embroidery design software]]''' exists in various form, either as special-purpose tools for various design stages or as complete design suites. Embroidery designs can be stored in a '''multitude of proprietary design formats''', that can be exported to '''proprietary machine formats''' (now often sold over the Internet). Free "open source" designs files are difficult to find. Converter software between various machine formats exists. Most design formats cannot be translated.


Many home sewing machines can be turned into an embroidery machine by adding a hardware module. Many modern sewing machines (including the ones for the home market) can be computer-controlled and are also known as '''computerized sewing machines'''. Good sewing machines can sew, embroider and quilt. I.e. you get three machines in one.
See also:
* [[Fab lab]], an introduction to end user-created design and fabrication (including a description of many other types of computer-controlled machinery)
* [[Computerized embroidery in education]]


Design software exists in various form, either as special-purpose tools for various design stages or as complete design suites. Embroidery designs can be stored in multitude of proprietary file formats and are now often sold over the Internet. Some designs are free for private use and very few are available under an open "source" licence. Converter software between various control formats exists, however depending on your sewing machine you will have to make an effort for finding the right tool.
== History ==


Let's now have a look at hardware-software interaction. We probably can distinguish between the following kinds of models with respect to computer control of the embroidery machine:
It can be argued that computer-controlled ''embroidery'' machines are older than computers. In the beginning of the 19th century, Jacquard invented looms controlled by a "chain of cards". However, embroidery machines controlled in real-time by a "puncher" through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantograph pantograph]s dominated the market in the 19th century and lasted until the 1970's we believe. Models made between the two WWs used [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_tape punched tapes] for control, i.e. software driven embroidery machines became important. In the 1980 the first computer-controlled machines for the home market appeared ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_embroidery#History Wikipedia], retrieved May 2018). [http://apisource.blogspot.com/2011/02/history-of-world-no-history-of.html Chitter Chatter Embroidery Machine History] and [https://community.annthegran.com/post/2011/06/03/computerized-embroidery-of-yesteryear-well-sort-of! Ann the Gran Embroidery History] include some interesting pictures.
* computer-controlled (directly from a computer). These exist in industry.
* computer-controlled (via file upload, i.e. specific firmware in the machine will read a proprietary CNC file and execute it). That's the solution existing in mid and high-end home machines (in the $500 to $10000 range). A good model (like a Swiss Bernina that can both sew and stitch will cost around CHF 3000.-). Entry-level computerized embroidery-only machines are not as frequent and a bit cheaper.
* Computer-powered, i.e. the machine will have more than a single motor and stuff is synchronized with a computer instead of complex mechanics. Typically, low and mid-end home ''sewing'' machines. These machines cannot execute sewing or embroidery design files.


[[image:aurora-450-embroidery-module.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bernina Aurora 450 with embroidery module]]
According to Wikipedia and other sources, the first modern day computer controlled ''sewing'' machine was built by Orisol in 1987 for making shoes, i.e. much later than embroidery machines.
In computer-powered or computer-controlled home sewing machines, {{quotation|the computer directly controls several different motors, which precisely move the needle bar, the tensioning discs, the feed dog and other elements in the machine. [...] The computer drives the motors at just the right speed to move the needle bar up and down and from side to side in a particular stitch pattern. Typically, the computer programs for different stitches are stored in removable memory disks or cartridges. The sewing-machine computer may also hook up to a PC in order to download patterns directly from the Internet. Some electronic sewing machines also have the ability to create complex embroidery patterns. These machines have a motorized work area that holds the fabric in place underneath the needle assembly. They also have a series of sensors that tell the computer how all of the machine components are positioned. [...] The sewer simply loads a pattern from memory or creates an original one, and the computer does almost everything else.}} [http://home.howstuffworks.com/sewing-machine3.htm Computerized Sewing Machines], retrieved 13:07, 15 April 2011 (CEST). With that kind of machines, a user can focus on design and the needs to learn how to interpret orders from machine like replacing the threads.


It can be argued that computer-controlled ''embroidery'' machines are older than computers, i.e. models made between the two WWs used punched paper ribbons for control. Machines that were controlled in real-time by a "puncher" through a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantograph pantograph]s have been invented at the end of the 19th century.
== Stitching and design steps ==
 
According to Wikipedia and other sources, the first modern day computer controlled ''sewing'' machine was built by Orisol in 1987 for making shoes, i.e. much later than embroidery machines.


More or less according to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_embroidery Wikipedia], the basic steps for creating an embroidery are as follows:
More or less according to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_embroidery Wikipedia], the basic steps for creating an embroidery are as follows:
* Get or create a digitized embroidery design file preferably in some kind of editable format. Typical formats are .emb, .exe, .dst, .cnd and .fdr.  
* [Optional] Get or create a digitized embroidery design file in some kind of editable format. Typical formats are .emb, .exe, .dst, .cnd and .fdr. Each software manufacturer has its own proprietary format.
* Edit the design and/or combine with other designs (optional)
* [Optional] Combine it with other designs, e.g. add some custom lettering (optional)
* Translate to machine executable code, i.e. a stitch file (this is optional if the original format is already machine-readable). Typical formats are .pes .art, .pes, .jef, .sew and .hus (see below)
* Translate the design to machine executable code (or get a file that is executable). Typical formats are .art, .pes, .jef, .sew and .hus (see below)
* Load the final design file into the embroidery machine
* Load this "stitch" file into the embroidery machine
* Stabilize the fabric and place it in the machine
* Stabilize and hoop the fabric and attach the hoop to the machine
* Start and monitor the embroidery machine
* Start and monitor the embroidery machine, i.e. change the thread if needed.


Creating a digitized embroidery file itself includes at least two steps:
Creating a digitized embroidery file itself includes at least two steps:
* Create a drawing in a format that will remain editable. Some software also allows to import bitmap and vector formats which then can be translated (with some manual intervention).
* (Optional) Create a drawing in an editable vector format. It is also possible to vectorize (traced) raster images, but this can be very time consuming.
* Then digitize (translate, punch) to a (preferably) editable stitching format. A stitchable design includes embroidery-specific information like stitches and thread color. However good formats define stitching lines and fills (columns and areas) that are parameterized with stitching information such as the filling patterns, density, stitch density etc. Professional digitizing is difficult. Non-professional lower quality digitizing is fairly easy with good software (I learned in a few days...).
* Digitize (translate, punch) the vector drawing to a (preferably) editable embroidery design format. A stitchable design includes embroidery-specific information like stitches and thread color. Good software rather defines "stitch objects", e.g. lines and fills (columns and areas) that are parameterized with stitching information such as the filling patterns, density, stitch density, pull compensation, stitch direction, etc..  
* If needed, translate an editable stitch file to a machine-specific format.
* Export to machine-specific formats.
 
Specialized low-end software does this in two steps. Get a drawing or picture. It first will be vectorized (you may have to assist with that as in any other bitmap tracer). You then can have it auto-digitized. Either in the middle of this process (after vectorizing, better) or after that (limited resizing), you then also can resize, combine, rotate, etc.
 
== Consumer embroidery machines ==
 
; Criteria for selecting an embroidery machine
* Overall '''mechanical quality''', in particular reliability and precision.
* Hoop-size (frames for the embroidery area) is critical. '''14x20 cm''' is expected for mid-level machine and many folks consider this as a must-have minimum. So-called Jumbo hoops (e.g. 40x26cm) exist on high end sewing/embroidery machines and multi-needle models. There also exist a third-party market for hoops. However, on some machines, jumbo hoops are difficult to use since designs must be split so that the hoop can be turned around. Finally, one also needs a tiny hoop (free arm hoop) for embroidering on tight places
* '''Stitches / minute''' (SPM). Should be at least 500. Typical range is between 400 and 1000, e.g. a Elna 8300 can do 750/minute.
* Built-in '''fonts''', patterns and '''designs''' may make a difference to people who prefer designing on the machine (as opposed to using a software on PC).
* '''Needle threader''' (helps putting the thread into the needle or does it without assistance)
* '''Thread cutter'''
* Support for ''standard'' USB flash drives (keys) and direct PC link
* '''User interface quality and functionalities'''. It should allow for simple editing like translation, rotation, resizing, time/stitch counting, design tracing of a design.
* Free (or cheap) '''software'''
* Slide speed control
* Automatic '''detection of fabric''' and thread tension regulation
* '''Sensors''' that will tell you if something went wrong, in particular broken threads.
* Dealer support and pricing
 
=== Kinds of machines ===
 
As of April 2011. Information below can change rapidly and we may not update !
 
With respect to sewing and embroidery functionality we could distinguish four kinds of machines:
* Sewing machines only (not discussed here)
* Sewing machines with an embroidery module or combined sewing/embroidery machines
* Single-needle embroidery (only) machines
* Multi-needle embroidery machines
 
; Entry and mid-level pure embroidery machines
 
[[image:janome-MC350.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Janome MC350 embroidery machine]]
There are not many entry level embroidery-only machines. Such machines work fine, but you have to change ''threads a lot'' and finishing (e.g. removing jump stitches) requires more work. Also, precision will not be the same.
 
A typical example (as of spring 2011) of a '''lower mid-level embroidery'''-only machine is the Brother ''Innov-is NV 750E''. It costs about CHF 1500 or € 1100 (only about $800 in the US) and has a 18x13cm embroidery area (hoop). At the time of writing this model may probably offer the best ''feature for money'' ratio. I have no idea if stitching quality is good enough.
 
Another popular example is the [[Elna 8300]] and it comes with a standard 12.6x11cm hoop and a larger hoop of 20x14 cm. The ''Janome MC 350 E'' is almost identical. Both cost between € 1400 and 1600, i.e. about US $2000. We paid our Elna, CHF 2300 in a Geneva shop and we didn't get any educational rebate...
 
There are also cheaper models, however you may not find these in some countries. Low-end machines are often not sold in sewing shops, but in supermarkets and other mass let-outs. Good models seem to be the ''Brother Innov-is 90E'' (about € 600), the ''Brother PE-770'' (at $670 on sale) or the ''Janome MC200E'' ($900). Even cheaper would be a ''Brother SE400'' sewing/embroidery machine ($400).
 
[[image:brother-quattro-6000.jpg|thumb|right|250px|High-end Brother Quattro 6000 / Innovis I]]
 
Most '''higher mid-level''' embroidery machines are also sewing machine (see next item). It seems that they don't offer better precision, but are more expensive because of the sewing functionaly.
 
; Lower and higher Mid-level sewing/embroidery machines
 
The choice for mid-level combi machines is '''enormous'''. There are differences in features and ''large'' differences in prices. I wonder, wether the difference in price doesn't reflect better mechanics but rather the better built-in LCD panel and software. Someone like me would not necessarily need that kind of on-board control, since we feel confortable doing everything with a computer.
 
For example, a Brother sewing/embroidery ''Innov-is 1500'' with a 26x16cm hoop and a large LCD costs about 2.499,00 €. The ''Bernina Aurora 450'' sewing machine plus embroidery module costs about CHF 3500. The (oval) hoop size is 25.5x14.5cm and the model has a smaller LCD, but probably better mechanics. A ''Husquarna Topaz 20'' includes a large hoop of 36x20cm and costs about € 1800 and the Topaz 30 is about € 2200.
 
A higher mid-level machine would have a larger color screen, more stitches, more built-in software (both functionalities and designs). E.g. a Brother Innov-is 4000 or a Bernina Artista 640 with embroidery module would cost about CHF 6000.
 
; High end sewing / embroidery machines
 
A high end-end sewing/embroidery machine like the Bernina 830 or the Brother Quattro (same as Innovis I in Europe?) are in the CHF 8-10000 price range, e.g. similar as entry-level multi-needle embroidery machines. Some brand's high-end machines are a bit cheaper. e.g. the Elna 9600 "Haute Couture" and the practically identical Janome 11000 are about € 5000. According to one sales person we interviewed, high end machines are not necessairly better in terms of precision than mid-end machines. They just add extra functionality.
 
These machines feature a very large screen and advanced on-screen editing. Mechanics might be better, but we don't know. The problem that one has to change threads remains. These are probably dream machines for combined sewing/embroidery, but not necessarily for just embroidery. Read on if you plan to get a dream machine.
 
[[image:melco-amaya-lite.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Melco Amaya Lite industrial embroidery machine]]
; (Expensive) entry level embroidery machines
 
A true entry-level embroidery machine (i.e. a device that has four to six needles) costs around 9-12 K CHF. Street prices seem differ in different countries. E.g. the Brother PR-650 costs Euros 7700 on amazon.de / CHF 11'000 in a Swiss shop / $7500 in the US. A Babylock professional Plus is about $ 10000 in the USA. A Korean SWF/MA-6 is also about $11000.
 
An 4-needle Elna 9900 is about € 6500.- and the almost identical 4-needle Janome MB-4 about € 5500 to 6000 or US$ 7000.
 
You then could look at simple single head entry-level industrial machines. These are faster, have more needles and are of course more expensive. An entry level Tajima Neo II is about 14000$. A faster and (probably) more precise Swiss-owned and US-made Melco Amaya Lite is around CHF 12000 (?). The Amaya XTS is around CHF 17000 and the older Melco Bravo costs CHF 11000 / US$ 9000. Prices for that type of machine seem to differ a lot from shop to shop and from country to country.
 
Machines like the Melco Amaya can do 1500 Stitches/minute, stitch on most materials and don't have any built-in editing screen. Design is entirely done with a computer.
 
=== Listing of embroidery consumer brands ===
 
I have no idea which types/brands are best, except that it is always better to buy from a shop nearby that also can repair a device. E.g. in Geneva I would not buy a Brother, since there is no authorized dealer. Please visit sewing / embroidery forums if you need advice from people who got experience. The following list includes most major brands (I believe) and some additional pointers.
 
; Baby Lock
: owned by [http://www.tacony.com/Strategic-Business-Units/sewing/ Tacony]
: [http://www.babylock.com/ babylock.com] (official website)
 
; Bernina
: independant Swiss company Bernina, swiss made
: Also owns the lower-end and cheaper not swiss-made Bernette brand
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernina_Sewing_Machine Bernina Sewing Machine] (Wikipedia)
: [http://www.bernina.com Bernina.com] (official website)
: [http://www.mybernette.com/ mybernette.com] (official website of the Bernette line)
 
; Brother
: Japanese company
: has two lines, consumer and industrial
: [http://www.brother.com/ brother.com] (official global website) - [http://www.brother-usa.com/ brother USA] - [http://www.brothersewing.ch/ Brothersewing CH] ...
: Bother also develops for Baby Lock
 
; Elna
: Swiss company (owned by Janome or strong partnership ?)
: [http://www.elna.com/ Official website]
 
; Husquarna Viking
: owned by SVP Worldwide
: [http://www.husqvarnaviking.com/ Husquarnaviking.com] (official website)
 
; Janome
: Japanese company, also seems to create models for various other brands
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janome Janome] (Wikipedia)
: [http://www.janome.com/ Janome.com] (official website)
 
; Kenmore
: owned by Janome
 
; Pfaff
: owned by SVP Worldwide
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfaff Pfaff] (Wikipedia)
: [http://www.pfaff.com/ Pfaff.com] (main website)
 
; Singer
: owned by SVP Worldwide
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Sewing Singer Corporation] (Wikipedia)
: [http://www.singer.com/ singer.com] (Official website)
 
; Toyota
: [http://www.home-sewing.com/ home-sewing.com] (official website)
 
Some brands are owned by the same company. For example [http://www.svpworldwide.com/ SVP] owns Singer, Husquarna and PFAFF and is the world's largest sewing machine company. Sometimes companies share development (for either the mechanical or electronic parts or both) or have an entire model made by another company. Difficult to know who exactly produces what...
 
== Software and formats for embroidery ==
 
Disclaimer: So far I didn't see any advanced software and only had a few hours of playtime with a simple digitizer and a few days with an advance home user software. I may have to go over this again. The reason, why I write down technical details about software is that I want be informed before I will spend money on software that I won't use a lot anyhow, so it's got to be perfect - [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]] 22:38, 14 May 2011 (CEST).
[[image:Simm_Stickerin.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Franz Xaver Simm: Die Stickerin Oil on canvas, 94 x 68 cm]]
 
=== Introduction ===
 
Roughly speaking, we can distinguish between several types of software, although sometimes the frontiers are blurred.
* Software to create designs for "manual" embroidery
* '''Vectorizers''' can translate a bitmap image to vector formats. Vectorizers can be found in typical general purpose drawing software like Illustrator or Inkscape, but also in embroidery software.
* '''Digitizers''' can translate a vector format to CNC code or intermediary stitch section representations. It usually also includes a vectorizer. This is '''must have'''. Some digitizer work automatically (or almost), others give a lot of control to the "puncher". Most offer both possibilities.
* '''Viewers''' allow to view files, useful for script generated formats for example)
* '''Transformers''' can resize, rotate, (sometimes) change colors, i.e. do some lightweight global editing
* '''Converters''' can convert from one format to another. They usually include a viewer and can do transformations.
* '''Editors''' can draw designs and sometimes also vectorize. Design parts are usually in some kind of higher-level vector format and can be resized, rotated, moved, etc. Sometimes intermediary stitching areas are used, since they can be annotated with size independant stitching parameters. Finally, editors also should allow to produce stitches in various ways for both fills and strokes. In that respect, they share functionality with digitizers.
* '''Lettering''' programs can create fonts that are stitchable. If you just use a digitizer to translate letters from a vector file you likeley will get bad results, since the filling algorithm is not optimized for lettering.
* '''Organizers''' help to organize designs on your hard disk)
* Complete '''embroidery CAD Suites''', can create sophisticated drawings (''vector based embroidery'', VBE) and support all the design stages. Often, the drawing module is based on existing high-end vector graphics software. E.g. Pulse's ''embroideryi2'' is an addon for either Illustrator or Corel Draw. Bernina's ''Embroidery software'' is based on Corel.
High-end embroidery software suites should include all of the software types listed above. However, if we understand right, there is quite a fundamental difference between programs that are "stitch-based" and others that are based on vector graphic objects (annotated directly or indirectly with stitches). More later, after we understand better ....
 
It is very difficult to find out what software costs and - funny - where and how to buy. Some companies (like Bernina) seem to sell only through authorized resellers. Other companies have snotty sales people. E.g. email support from Wilcom wouldn't give us the name of a Swiss dealer and even were implying that we were not smart enough learning their entry-level professional tool and showing our students how it works. Probably these guys never met any 3D modeler or they might have a different idea of what "difficult" could mean. I regret to say so, but learning basic use of advanced embroidery software is '''easy''' for a technical person and takes no more than two weeks full time. Producing professional embroidery designs is more difficult and may take at least 7 years (so does professional cooking, car racing or web page design ...)
 
Anyhow, we found out that most high-end consumer software is in the $1500 to $2000 range. Entry-level professional software also starts around $2000. I can understand that ''professional software'' costs 10'000 $ or more, but I have trouble understanding why what I consider mid-level prosumer software costs over $2000 since selling it cheaper probably would entice many more people to buy it. That being said, I do have the money to purchase, but I won't buy anything for which technical documentation can't be found (more about that a few lines down...)
 
I also noticed that too many embroidery websites do have HTML/JavaScript coding errors, e.g. some pages won't display on modern browsers. Not a good sign! Incompatibility and lagging behind technology is another problem. Often (according to forum complaints) does embroidery software have problems running under windows 7 or even Vista. Some websites for high-end prosumer software (e.g. Bernina's and Wilcom's) are well-made, but lack real information and require heavy PDF downloads that don't include much information either. On the opposite, Embird has a fairly ugly website, but it's fast, fully functional and even includes useful information. One could relate this site's web design philosophy to the facts that Embird software probably offers the best price/performance ratio and that it is probably the most popular software suite for embroidery.
 
Most software includes machine-specific features. On older machines, one has to pay attention to connectivity. Some machine types use specially formatted memory cards or USB sticks (or some other weird specifics) and do require special software to write CNC files. Usually this type of software is offered for free (either when you buy the machine or for download). The same software then also can convert, resize, rotate and preview. See converting software below. A more "exotic" feature concerns support for jumbo-hoops, i.e. hoops for large designs that don't really fit onto the machine and that must be turned in the middle of the process. The software should allow splitting a design in a correct way and also insert a message to user so that he/she can rotate the hoop.
 
'''Important''': If you plan buying any sort of design software, you should check if your type/brand is directly supported, i.e. if the software can export a design to model-specific file formats (like *.art, *.jef, *.pes, etc.). If it cannot, you then could use a converter, but this may be a lossy process and you will loose time. I couldn't find any serious information on how well various converters work. Therefore, I suggest finding out what other embroidery software is produced by the company providing the converter. E.g. Wilcom creates software for both Bernina and Janome. Therefore we might hypothesize that their free Truesizer converter program ought to be able to translate an .ART file (output of Bernina V6) to *.JEF (Elna/Janome machine format) '''without any''' mistakes.
 
We couldn't find any up-to-date (Spring 2011) list that includes any sort of serious comparison of embroidery software. The best one we found was [http://www.florianisoftware.com/newsletter/V51_DigitzingSoftware.pdf Understanding Digitizing Software], made by Floriani (2008) and was just a feature comparison, not a serious evaluation. Add the various numerous obscure file formats and you find yourself in a '''software jungle''' that is '''hard to beat''' in terms of '''inaccessibility''', '''obscurity''' and overblown '''prices'''.
 
Some might argue that there isn't any non-financial reason to buy anything else than brand-specific software since almost every brand does have a more or less high-end consumer design suite. Unfortunately, some brand-specific software can do more that others. E.g. from looking at the sales flyers, Bernina's V6 is much more powerful than Elna's V3 or Janome Pro. The latter do not integrate typical object-oriented vector drawing features if we understood right. For techies, '''vector graphics is simply a must have''' feature since we already are used to vector drawing. Of course, importing vector graphics from another program would be an option for experts in embroidery, but it is not for beginners since one has to round trip a lot between various stages of a part design.
 
In conclusion, in the absence of any serious information on embroidery software, we decided to invest our efforts in [[Stitch Era embroidery software|Stitch Era Universal]]. This program isn't fully mature: it crashes sometimes, vector import is bad and it's a bit sluggish on mid-end PCs ... but it's free. We may buy the full commercial version in the future, but as of today we are still exploring - [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]] 19 May 2011.
 
=== Features of home user embroidery software===
 
Below is a provisional list. Certain items are missing, others will need explanation. Also, wording should be changed for some items once we get a better picture.
 
# Range and target population
## Type of program: Specific standalone program, modular software, or complete design suite
## E.g. Computer novices, graphics or CAD savy end-users, professional punchers
# Format and machine support
## Reading many embroidery design formats
## Writing (some) embroidery design formats
## Writing machine specific cards
## Hoop support
# Tracing and digitzing
## Tracing of bitmap files
##* Color reduction / color thresholds
##* Despeckling and smoothing
##* Pixel thesholds
##* (Semi) Automatic digitizing of images directly into stitch sections
## Import of vector file formats (conversion)
##* Format support, e.g. AI and SVG not just (simple-minded) WMF, EMF and EPS
## Color merge and substitution (in the vectorized picture) See also: editing
## Manual digitizing of vector elements. See also: editing
# Vector graphics (see also fills and stitches)
## 2D primitives
## Bezier drawing
## Simple transforms (resize, move, rotate, flip, skew, etc.)
## Good association of vector objects with stitch objects (called sections underneath)
## Smoothing, filling holes, etc.
# Stitch sections
## Quality of the stitch processor, e.g. how well can the program translate drawing objects to stitch sections
## Recalculation the number of (associated) stitches when a design is resized or otherwise changed
## Stitch section fill options (density, direction, stitch type, patterns, etc.)
## Simple transforms (resize, move, rotate, flip, skew, etc.)
## Change of stitch density
## Adding/removing underlays
##* Types
##* Multiple underlays
## Joining and splitting of designs (including text from lettering modules)
## Change stitch order of various parts
## Edit single stitches
## Insert, delete, change, reduce (merge) colors
## Fancy stiches (stitch types)
## Bordering
## Pull compensation
## Can you create appliqués, pailletes etc.?
# Lettering
## Built-in stitch-optimized fonts
## Can true type fonts be digitized?
## Monograms
## Envelope changes like curving
# Interface and utilities
## How many steps can the undo option go back to?
## Compensation for various textiles
## Built-in reusable patterns of various sorts
## Support for all major thread color palettes (different manufacturers)
##* Including information that then is save to stitch files !
## Statistics (like print time, number of stitches, etc.)
## Shortcuts for various processes
## Batch converters
## Stitch simulator
## 3-d view showing stitches in relief
## Pattern management
## Does the software require a dongle. (I really hate these, since I don't use some software for ''month'' dongles have tendency to become lost and they can fall out of my backback ...)
 
=== Free digitizer and design tools ===
 
There exist virtually no totally free design + digitizing tools that are fully functioning. Thredworks seems to be a fine and quite powerful editing tool for folks who would like to work fairly close to the stitch level. Stitch Era (the most modern and advanced system) and Madpuch (and Embird-like system) have some strings attached and/or limitations and/or problems with crashing. SophieSew gets nice reviews but seems to crash a lot. See also the conversion software below, some also can edit a bit.
 
* [http://www.thredworks.com/index.php Threadworks] is a digitizing and drawing program for embroidery machines. '''Recommended'''. One reason why I recommend this program is that this software somehow entices learning how embroidery and stitching works, i.e. although the program works with forms and auto-adapted stitches (as opposed to simple stitches), display and operations are fairly close to stitching level.
** I installed this software on Win 7 64-bit. The program comes as a small zip archive and only needs to be dezipped in a directory and only includes 4 files, i.e. no installation is needed. Click on ''thre3.exe'' to run.
** Design of the interface looks fairly "old-style", but the program is fully functional and includes many features. It's by no means just a stitch editor with some simple transformations. For example, it can do sophisticated fills of shapes and strokes (borders)! The program also includes a simple bitmap tracer for bmp files.
** Download the [http://www.thredworks.com/bin/dwnlod/leson.zip Thred lessons] from the [http://www.thredworks.com/dwnlod.php download page] and go at least through the first 7 lessons in order to create a simple design. Read them all ...
** See also [http://www.aartline.com/ aArtline], a free drawing program
 
* [http://www.freesierrasoftware.com/stitch_era_universal.asp Stitch Era Universal] by Sierra is a free embroidery design software that you can get under certain conditions.
** Stitch Era Universal is distributed by Authorized Distributors (either via CD or online) ''unless'' you are lucky to live in a country without. Installation and use requires a permanent Internet connection. Software contains advertising. Finally Stitch count is limited to 40'000 stitches. Download can take a long time and you need to find a download site for your country (e.g. for France use [http://www.stitchera.fr/ Annika's site]). You first have to install a downloader, then a download the > 400 MB installation files with the downloader program. See also [http://www.stitchera.com/ stitchera] website.
** After going through the complicated finding-a-place-to-download, double download and authentication it runs fine on Win 7 64 bit. Indeed, after playing a bit, I believe that this is probably '''the''' free program to own. '''Recommended''' to technical people despite its ads and its complicated installation/permanent renewal procedure. The program may have a learning curve that is too steep for people not familiar with complex design software like Illustrator, Flash or a CAD/CAM program.
** Read [[Stitch Era embroidery software]] and associated tutorials (some user/tutorial notes started on May 16 2011 and that will be expanded over time). Also do read the manual or go through the training videos. There is no way learning this software just by playing around ....
 
* [http://www.madpunch.com/t Madpunch] is a free program rumored to have similar features as some (earlier?) versions of an Embird suite, i.e. it includes editing, digitizing and lettering. Users have to change a key about every two weeks, probably to bring them to their web site. The site includes video (captivate) tutorials. It installed fine on Win 7 64-bit. Not tested for real.
 
* [http://www.sophiesew.com/ SophieSew] digitizing and editing of machine embroidery. Written and developed by Carlos Mandel, see his [http://twitter.com/#!/CarlosMandell twitter updates]. Also include some free designs (not yet tested for real, just installed on Win 7 84). According to various forum posts, this program is nice and usable, ''but'' it's in '''alpha''' stage and may crash or freeze - 5/2011)
 
* [http://embroidermodder.sourceforge.net/ Embroidermodder]. Free software tool (under development as of April 2011) that allows the user to add custom modifications to their embroidery designs. Can read/write 5-6 formats. Started in 2004 by Mark Pontius, last update on 11/2010 when last checked (April 2011). I installed this on Win 7 64 and the program runs. I created a simple text and was able to save a .dst file and then open it with Wilcom TrueSizer. Some stitches seem to be wrong.
 
* [http://www.achatina.de/sewing/INDEX.HTM Rudolf's Sewing / Embroidery related Programs] (last updated 2005, not tested). Includes a free conversion program and a simple drawing program creating *.pcs.
 
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/kxstitch/ KXStitch] aims to produce software to allow the creation and editing of cross stitch patterns for hand stitching. Runs under Linux/KDE. See [http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/kxstitch/ kxstitch wiki]
 
=== Commercial digitizing and design tools ===
 
* [http://embird.com/ Embird Embroidery Software] sells several programs, A base program (Basic Embird) plus several plugins e.g. Embird Studio (digitizing). Can read/write many formats and supports many machine types. It comes in several components, e.g.:
** [http://embird.com/sw/embird/features.htm Basic Embird Embroidery Software] (basic editing, sizing, stitch editing, etc.). This $144 program must be acquired for other modules to run.
** [http://embird.com/sw/embird/estudio.htm Studio] (digitizing, lettering, auto-tracing, freehand, conversion of vector files into embroidery) is $150 + $90 = $240.
** [http://embird.com/sw/embird/fonteng.htm Font engine], $145
** I.e. for less than $550 one gets a good package and '''it can be tried out before buying'''. In addition, the web site has real information (as opposed to fancy PDF files). This program seems to be fairly popular and seems to offer the '''best price/performance ratio'''. It's probably as powerful as many high-end consumer design suites.
** There are many forums with support (google yourself). One example that includes a beginner's tutorial is [http://www.clipartopolis.com/university.php Clipartopolis]
 
* [http://sandscomputing.com/id20.html SewArt Embroidery Auto-Digitizer] by S&S Computing, is {{quotation| for converting clipart or other forms of raster and vector images into an embroidery file. Image processing tools and a step-by-step wizard are provided to produce an image suitable for yielding a high-quality embroidery stitch-out.}} Free 30 day demo, only $75. (Needs the Microsoft C++ 2005 library, also available as download). Tested under Win 7 64bit. I found it very easy to learn the basics (about 30 minutes). '''Recommended'''. I managed to digitize and create a stitch file for a complex photo (including color reduction, pixel reduction, color merging, despeckling, etc.). Of course I can image other features it should have, but I like the price/performance ratio. - [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]] 22:29, 13 May 2011 (CEST).
 
* [http://www.buzztools.com/ BuzzTools] sells a series of design tools, e.g. design management software, Buzz-2-Stitches (digitizer, $300), BuzzEdit (editor, $190), Words to stitches, etc. These tools seem to be fairly popular and are reasonable priced. Trial versions are available.
 
* Brother, also a maker of sewing machines sells [http://www.brother-usa.com/HomeSewing/Software/SoftwarePED.aspx PE_Design Basic] (formerly 'PED Basic Embroidery Software', for simple downloading/editing) and  [http://www.brother-usa.com/Homesewing/Software/SoftwarePEDDesignLite.aspx PE-Design light] (digitizing, letters, combining, etc. about 300 €). A higher-end product also exists (see below). Brother products enjoy a good reputation in forum messages and offer a good price/performance ratio as far as we can tell.
 
* [http://www.stitch-sew.com/index.php?en Stitch & Sew] made by Compucon has several product levels: Designer (Standard Digitizing & Editing package), Editor (Lettering & Editing package), Embroidery Studio (digitizing & editing).  The full package is called ''Embroidery Studio Plus''. No idea how much it would cost. Demo versions are available, e.g. from central european distributor ([http://www.teamhoko.de/ teamhoko]). Files are dated 2008. Several revendor links on the stitch & sew site are dead. Some point to local Brother dealers where no information can be found, i.e. Internet presence is messy. In addition to Stitch&Sew, Compucon sells EOS (Embroidery operating system), a high-end software.
 
* [http://www.stitchesinmotion.ca/ Stitches in Motion] has Sew Art (software for converting clip-art or other forms of raster and vector images into an embroidery file). It can output in PES or JEF. For other formats, you will have to use a conversion program.
 
* [http://www.amazingdesigns.com/en/products/embroidery-software/ Embroidery Software] from Amazing Designs. Several software, e.g. Edit 'N Stitch (editor), Digitize 'N Stitch (digitizer), Personalize 'N Stitch (lettering and monograms). All around $200, the whole combo around $450 street price. Trial versions available. Also available from online shops like Amazon.
 
* [https://www.aps-ethos.com/embroidery_software.php ApS-Ethos] has several programs. The top-end [https://www.aps-ethos.com/virtuoso_embroidery_software.php Virtuoso Plus] can edit, letter, digitize, import vector files, etc.
 
* Sierra has some products. [http://www.stitchera.com/ Stitch Era] is a modern looking consumer product that exists in several versions: Essentials, Lite, Liberty and Universal. Prices are from $400 to $1000. Universal is free under some conditions (see above). Sierra also seems to have a more professional product line (see below). Their websites are quite complex and some pages don't fully work on modern browsers (FF4 or IE 9).
 
* [http://www.creativeseries.com/cs2_products.asp Fancyworks] has a series of products. The top-end [http://www.creativeseries.com/cs2_fancyworksstudioplus.asp Fancyworks Studio Plus] (editing, digitizing, lettering, import, etc.) costs $650.
 
* [http://www.designersgallerysoftware.com/products/editing/ Designers Gallery] seems to sell the same under a different packaging (not sure about this.)
 
* [http://www.artnstitch.com/index.html Art and Stitch] Standalone digitizing software for longarm quilters and machine embroiderers. Includes drawing, filling, importing vector graphics, punching. $ 870
 
=== High-end home user and entry-level industrial suites ===
[[image:brother-pr650.png|thumb|250px|right|Brother PR-650 (semi-professional embroidery machine)]]
 
It is difficult to find out who produces the software (as opposed to selling it), how much it costs, and (again) what the software really can do. Some websites are too heavy on useless pictures, light on information and difficult to navigate. I addition, more then one product may be advertised on totally different web sites which is quite confusing. I find it interesting that at least three products are based on [http://www.corel.com/ Corel Draw] and I wonder if there is some common code base. Also, many modern programs can at least import from Corel or Illustrator by copy/paste or some OLE mechanism.
 
Most sewing/embroidery machine makers sell their own custom software suite. Most of these packages also work with other brands, i.e. they can digitize into more than one format and write to several types of cards or otherwise communicate with a machine.
 
High-end "prosumers" (advanced home users) software superficially may look quite the same as entry-level professional software, but there seem to be the following differences:
* Prosumer products may have additional features and tools for the home market, i.e. so-called short-cuts and other built-in features that will make design easy.
* Entry-level industrial products may give the designer better control over stitching and control of stitiching machines.
Good examples are ''Bernina embroidery software V6'' made for the home market and ''Wilcom DecoStudio'' made as entry-level professional tool. Both are made by the same company and both are extensions of Corel Draw. Bernina's software is cheaper, is based on an older and weaker Corel version, but it does support other machine formats than their own. I.e. strictly from looking at specifications, one could qualify it as ''the'' advanced home user tool. However, we don't don't how it would scale up against cheaper suites like Stitch Era and DrawWings (see above)
 
; (Rather) brand specific for the home market
(some entries may not qualitfy as "high end" consumer products)
 
* Bernina's [http://berninausa.com/product_detail-n6-i293-sUS.html Embroidery Software] (en)  based on Corel Draw is about $2000/€ 1600, but one can find it for less (€ 1400). The ''current embroidery software version 6'' probably was developed togehter with Wilcom and should be quite similar as Deco Studio. Bernina sells other products:  [http://www.berninausa.com/product_overview-n6-sUS.html Software link] (en/USA). See also the [http://www.bernina.ch/product_overview-n6-sDE.html Swiss version] of the software page (de/fr). In Switzerland, a littre price cut is offered to education.
 
* [http://www.brother-usa.com/HomeSewing/Software/SoftwarePEDDesignNEXT.aspx Brother PE-Design NEXT] (about € 1500).
 
* [http://janome.com/ Janome], a sewing machine maker has line of products known as [http://janomespecials.com/digitizer/ Janome Digitizer Software Series] with three software levels Jr, Pro and MB. There is no price list. Digitizer MB is about € 1000. Digitizer Pro and MB are probably powerful vectorizers/digitizers, but one can't draw (if I understand right). I.e. the program allows to import a bitmap or windows vector file and then "massage" it into a stitching design. It seems that Janome programs are made by Wilcom.
 
* Elna has [http://www.elna.com/en-gw/softwares.php?software=210 Digitizer EX V 3.0]. This product looks more like mid-end software (e.g. one can't draw). Price is about € 1000. Probably the same as Janomes Digitizer Pro, since Janome and Elna have a strategic partnership (common machine models).
 
* [http://www.5dembroiderysystem.com/Packages.htm 5D Embroidery Software Packages]. This company sells two kinds of high-end packages, one for Husquarna and one for Pfaff. Individual modules can be bought directly from 5D. No price list.
** Husquarna's packaging of the [http://www.hv.5dembroiderysystem.com/ 5D suite] for its Viking line, includes [http://www.hv.5dembroiderysystem.com/Professional.htm 5D™ Professional]. This product includes eleven software modules, e.g. design creator (edit/fill/etc), editor, aligner, sketcher, cross stitcher, organizer. Eight of these can be bought separately. Did not see real technical information (i.e. power of the design tools).
** Pfaff's [http://www.pfaff.5dembroiderysystem.com/ 5D™ embroidery software] version.
 
* Drawstitch sells two software families:
** [http://www.drawstitch.com/ DRAWings] includes graphics design, digitizing, computerized quilting and textile printing. Cost is about $1800 / € 1300. There are other variants like ''Creative Drawings'' or ''Wings modular''. Available through [http://www.drawstitch.com/index.php/Products/Find_dealer/ third-party dealers] only. Seems to have a good performance/price ratio and comparable to Wilcom Decostudio. Needs a USB dongle (and I always loose these ...). In addition there may be OEM solutions. Maybe [http://www.artisticsewingsuite.com/embroidery-design-software.html Artistic Suing Suite] could be one.
** The professional [http://www.wingsxp.com/features.htm eXPerience] include 4 different levels (price unknown and relationship to other Wings software is not clear.)
 
; Rather general purpose industrial entry-level
 
* [http://www.wilcomdiscovery.com/Products/DecoStudioe2/DecoStudioFeatures/tabid/153/Default.aspx DecoStudio]. See also the (outdated) [http://www.corel.com/servlet/Satellite/us/en/Product/1207851980808 page at Corel]. Decostudio integrates CorelDRAW® Graphics Suite X5 with Wilcom's stitch processor, lettering, monogramming and appliqué tools to create a complete graphics and embroidery software solution. Wilcom also has a product line called [http://www.wilcomdiscovery.com/Products/DecoStudioe2/ProductLevels/tabid/150/Default.aspx Embroidery Studio] with several product levels. These are more sophisticated and more expensive (probably over € 10000).
 
* [http://www.pulsemicro.com/pulse-products.htm Embroidery software] by Pulse. Pulse creates various products like Tajima DG/ML, Tajima Librarian, Tajima Passport. High end and ''really'' expensive. For the home user, there is [http://www.embroideryi2.com/ Embroidery i2], both for Corel and Illustrator,  rumored to cost just a few thousand $.
 
* [http://www.melco-stickmaschine.com/ Melco] (D) has a line of products known under "Design Shop". See [http://www.melcousa.com/embroidery-software Melco USA]: Lite, normal, Pro and Pro+. Melco produces embroidery machines and [http://www.shopmelco.com/category_s/59.htm software prices] are not directly communicated ....
 
* [http://www.embroideryoffice.com/ Embroidery Office] (EO11) made by Sierra includes: Art and Design; Design Administration; Production Organization; Machine Connectivity; Catalog Preparation and Spreading. Claims to be very high-end and easy to learn. No pricing information. Their web pages are full or errors and won't display well in FF4 and IE9 ... (on April 19, 2011). Sierra also makes the very popular [[Stitch Era embroidery software|Stitch Era]] software with the free Universal edition.
 
* [http://www.i-cliqq.de/ I-CLIQQ] € 1900, is a suite with three levels that is marketed for professionals. Claims to in the same ligue as the multi-thousand competition. (Demo version available).
 
* [http://www.florianisoftware.com/ Floriani] has a larger product line. [http://www.florianisoftware.com/products/*/*/6880 Embroidery Suite Pro] costs € 1600 and includes 8 products, e.g. editing, digitizing, borders, monograms, lettering, resizing. These also can be bought individually. The top-of the line product is € 5000.
 
* [http://www.mcstitch.de/ McStich] Professional software, fairly useless web site....
 
=== Free converter tools and other utilities ===
 
[[image:wilcom-truesizer.png|thumb|right|250px|Screenshot of Wilcom TrueSizer V2.x]]
 
; Free converters/resizers/etc from commercial companies
 
I suggest to install the following four programs: Wilcom TrueSizer, Bernina Artlink, Pulse Ambassador and myEditor. Then pick the one that you like best. Also, each can do at least something that the others can't. Read on ...
 
[[image:bernina-artlink.png|thumb|right|250px|Screen shot of Bernina Artlink 6 (Unconvincing model made with Embroidermodder)]]
* [http://www.wilcom.com.au/PRODUCTS/TrueSizer.aspx WILCOM TrueSizer]. Read, resize, rotate and convert many popular industrial and home expanded/condensed file formats. Can't write .ART (Bernina) but can write .JEF (Elna/Janome). The program is free , but registration is required. Tested under Windows 7 64 bit. The software and I manged to convert a file to *.jef. It can resize and rotate designs. Wilcom is one of the leading software companies in embroidery. '''Recommended'''.
 
* [http://www.bernina.com/Artlink6 Bernina Artlink], a free multi-purpose utility program form Bernina. Can resize, rotate 45 degrees, select stitch color, read/write many embroidery formats, display hoops for various types (also other brands), write to various hardware. I somehow got the German version, but there is also an English edition. Cannot save in *.jef (Elna). '''Recommended'''.
 
* [http://www.pulsemicro.com/pulse-products-ambassador.htm Pulse ambassador] is quote: {{quotation|a free, easy to use software that allows you to change design formats, resize designs, change colors and more. Import/export to various popular formats}}. It can change colors but it '''cannot resize'''. It cannot save in *.art. This software includes an animation of the stitching process and probably shows more details than the others. Pulse is the maker of high-end prosumer and professional software (Tajima and Embroidery i2). Download is difficult to find and is [http://pulsemicro.com/ambassadordownload here] when last checked. '''Recommended'''.
 
* [http://www.drawstitch.com/index.php/Downloads/my_editor/ MyEditor] from Wings Systems is a free, Opens/saves to many different formats. Includes a complete '''stitch editor''', scaling and rotation, array tool, etc. Can import/export to many formats (including *.jef). Includes a '''stitch editor'''. '''Recommended'''.
 
* [http://www.stitch-sew.com/index.php?id=24,29,0,0,1,0  multi-converter] from [http://www.stitch-sew.com/ Stitch & Sew]. Can read designs from manufacturer's cards to the hard disk and the other way round. Registration required. I Installed it on Win 7/64, but did not understand how I could convert files within my hard disk.
 
* [http://www.artisticsewingsuite.com/software-embroidery-applique-cutwork.html Artistic my editor] free viewing and editing software: view and modify supported embroidery files and then re-save them in any of the available embroidery file formats. (not yet tested, may be the same product as MyEditor above).
 
; Free online converters
 
* [https://www.embroiderydesigns.com/convertdesignfileshome.aspx Embroidery Designs.com] offers translation between 19 formats (registration required).
 
* [http://svg2embr.wasbo.net/index.php SVG 2 embroidery] Free online service that can convert SVG (strokes) to PCS. As cool as it can get. Since it only translates strokes, you do need to replace fills by lines, e.g. some zig-zag pattern. Otherwise just use this programs to draw line-based art.
 
; Free utility tools (converters, digitizers, etc.) from other sources.
Some of these are available as plugins for graphics programs. Some programs are open source.
 
* [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/hershey Hershey Text: An Inkscape extension for engraving fonts]. This is not directly useful, but this extension could be used as "middleware" for an Inkscape to embroidery converter (see below)
 
* ''Planned since 2009'': The [http://www.k2g2.org/wiki:blf Brother Liberation Front] announced working on and Inkscape and Gimp plugin named Yarnscape and Crafty Gimp respectively. If this will happen, then Inkscape could become a free embroidery design tool.
 
* [http://www.jonh.net/~jonh/inkscape-embroidery/ Embroidery output extension for Inkscape] by Jon Howell, 2010. GPL. Easy to install on Linux, needs python and the shapely library. Tested on April 2011 under Ubuntu 10.04. To install:
apt-get install python-shapely
cp embroider.inx embroider.py PyEmb.py ~/.config/inkscape/extensions
: In Inkscape, the extension is available in Extensions->Render->Embroider
: Only works, if you create a drawing with ''filled regions'' that are converted to ''pathes'' and are ''not grouped''. (So no grouping, no strokes, etc. !)
: Result *.exp will sit in your home directory or some other place ...
: I managed to create a stitched oval and display it with some *.exp viewer. - April 2011.


* [http://www.joachim-riedel.de/freeware/ Joachims's freeware] include Pesview 1.3.0, a Viewer/Conversion-Tool for PES/PEC/PCS/DST/SEW and EasyPEC for converting PES.x to PEC 1.0
== Typical paradigm ==


* [http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/pesconvert.git;a=summary PES-file thumbnailer] (pes2png converter) by Linus Thorvald himself ! (for Linux, needs pnglib-devel and cairo-devel to comple) Read [http://torvalds-family.blogspot.com/2010/01/embroidery-gaah.html Embroidery.. gaah] January 13, 2010. To install this under Linux (Unbuntu 10)
While some more modern machines perform actions like dropping a sequin to be sewn in place, most modern embroidery consists is entirely of the same looped interlock stitch that have been the mainstay of sewing machines since their inception. Computerized embroidery formats ultimately contain instructions for the embroidery machine to perform. Move to a new location in two different directions, move but block the needle-bar (jump), cut the thread, drop the needle, switch to the next thread. These are all the actions that a sewing machine can take, usually in increments of 1/10th a millimeter. The goal then within design software is often how to pattern these stitches in useful ways for the person using the software. These patterns result in a lot of the underlying concepts within embroidery software. Stitches like zig-zag, satin, flat fill, bean stitch, and others are simply straight stitches in particular patterns, and the methods used to generate these are not explicit to the media.
apt-get install libcairo-dev
apt-get install libpng-dev
git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/pesconvert.git
cd pesconvert
make
cp pesconvert /usr/local/bin


* [http://www.njcrawford.com/programs/embroidery-reader/ Embroidery Reader] for PES (Brother)
Typically modern embroidery software uses vector shapes with fills applied to the objects. This allows the users for editing of the objects and thus the fills those objects create and adjustments to the density, direction, or any other property used to generate the resulting stitches. The advantages to this is that embroidery can be done quickly. A lot of stitches in recognizable patterns can be applied quickly with skilled users getting the results they expect. The software then stores the vector object and the fill properties to generate the underlying stitches. When the underlying stitches are edited by the user, regenerating the stitches would lose those modifications.


=== Commercial converters, resizers, etc. ===
While vectors are a key aspect of this paradigm, it's not the case that you could go from vector to embroidery without some additional information about the type of fill being applied to that object. While software could take a vector as the answer of where to fill, they don't answer the question of how to fill. There's also a considerable amount of things that are technically permitted of a series of short line-segments (and thus embroidery) but are not easily accomplished through the dominant paradigm.
(See also the free conversion tools above, there is probably no reason to buy one of these, unless you don't own any kind of embroidery software)


* [http://www.stitchesinmotion.ca/sewwhat.asp SewWhat!] from Stitches in Motion. Can read most formats and write a lot of formats (but not .art). Between $50 and $65. Free trial versions.
This seems to be the reason there are so many different formats, basically a different one for each type of embroidery. And different versions of formats add more such features to the software. If you wish to edit a design later, you need to have all the objects the file used to generate the stitches. Often software suites develop different methods for filling various objects or different features and these are unique to that particular brand. It's also the reason why, even when some formats have vector information (say PES files), these are not loaded by other software (eg. Wilcom Trusizer) in a manner that could be resized beyond about 10% without noticeable loss of coverage for the fill. Other software that can load a format, will often only load the actual stitches themselves (since that's what, all embroidery files must have to be sewn), which prevents any editing of the shapes used to generate them initially.  


* [http://www.stitchbuddy.de/features/ StichBuddy] converter, resizer, etc. For Mac OS X. Cheap (€ 40) and demo version is available.  
A ''straight stitch'' or ''running stitch'' is the typical name for a stitch that is generally not in the pattern of one of the other types of stitches. Technically all stitches are the same and they are all running stitches. They can't be anything else.


* [http://embrilliance.com/embrilliance-essentials Embrilliance]. A (relatively) cheap multi-purpose tool for converting/merging/lettering etc. Supports most embroidery formats, but can't import "normal" 2D graphics. (Mac/PC)
Fill stitches, also called ''tatami stitch'' are montone fills of particularly defined areas. These tend to be a sort of flood fill done with stitches. Most modern embroidery software executes this by using vector objects which then have a fill applied to them.  


* [http://www.macemb.com/ Mac Embroidery]. Multipurpose converter ($ 129).
Mathematically the objects being filled must be monotone or broken into different parts. Monotone geometric objects can be filled with an unbroken scanline starting from the top to the bottom without changing directions. Since some objects being filled will lack this property, the objects are converted into monotone objects by clipping off the non-monotone parts. These are then underpathed (a straight stitch to the other merge/split node occurring such that it will be covered) and filled, and merged with the current fill. There is a lot of differences in how this algorithm is implemented between different software suites.


=== Thread colors ===
Sometimes even monotone objects are broken in this manner to allow for a start and stop location to be predefined. If you are filling a circle from the top to bottom, but want to start from the left, the algorithm will need to underpath to the top, then fill to the bottom. If an exit location is needed, it will stop at the level of the exit-node, underpath to the bottom, then fill up to the exit position.


Thread colors (not surprisingly are not standardized). Each major make has its own. The major ones seem to be Janome, Robison-Anton, Mettler, Madeira and Sulky. Some may have different color numbers with respect to different threads.
Satin stitches are so-called because they have a soft satiny look. They are geometrically sweep fills of sweepable objects. A sweepable object is one that can be completely filled by a sweepline that transverses the object and  is permitted to change directions. By definition if an object is sweepable it is monotone, as it does not need to change directions. Satin stitches are usually done with areas small enough that a single stitch can fill the objects.


See:
This covers most of the conceptual design aspects within embroidery software. Some popular tools like Wilcom B, generally work by creating the vector object and fill direction and fill information at the same time. Which is a step away from the paradigm of ''vector + fill -> embroidery''.
* [http://threadchart.info/ Thread Chart information] ('''best''' site I found)
* [http://www.alkosewing.com/Thread-Chart.asp Sewing Thread Conversion Chart]
* [http://www.sewingroom.com/tchart.asp Thread chart]
* [http://www.kamgear.com/thread%20colors.htm Pantone and RA]
* [http://www.sewterific.com/threadcharts.htm Links to Various Thread Charts for Machine Embroidery] (long list)


Brand-specific
Read [[embroidery stitch type]] for a short presentation of various options available in embroidery software.
* [http://www.robison-anton.com/ssr8colorchart.html Robinson-Anton] (RA)
* ....


=== File formats ===
== Moving on ==


There are several kinds of formats, in particular
The [[concepts of computerized embroidery]] article will introduce some important practical concepts of machine embroidery. [[Embroidery stitch type]]s are discussed in a separate piece. [[Hooping and stabilizing in computerized embroidery]] explain how to ready a fabric for embroidery.
* All sorts of 2D bitmap and vector formats for the drawings, i.e. formats that are not specificially made for embroidery
* Embroidery file formats that work on a range of machines and also can be used as exchange formats. These are sometimes called '''commercial''' formats.
* Embroidery file formats that are mostly brand or even type specific
* Both so-called commercial file formats and more brand-specific formats come in two forms: Some '''only have stitching''' information, others keep '''information that makes them''' easily editable. The latter could be called '''worker''' files.


It seems that there are about 30 different formats. It is not clear to me what different formats can do. Also, I don't know ''how'' formats are supported by various vendors. Some formats seem to be barely editable since they only contain stitching instructions like "go to x/y" and "add a stitch from x1/1y to x2/y2" or "change thread". Others may include precise information about the shape and kind of a design part and keep stitching information apart, i.e. an area is not just defined in terms of stitches. The latter are more easily editable. Other formats (like JEF) may keep just some information, e.g. colors.
[[Embroidery software]] tries to provide an overview of various embroidery software. [[Stitch Era tutorials]] is the starting point of a vector-drawing centric series of tutorials of a powerful and relatively cheap complete embroidery software. [[InkStitch]] is the start page of a tutorial series for an open-source platform based on [[Inkscape]], '''the''' open source drawing program.


It is sometimes difficult to find out what formats a specific machine from various Brands can read. E.g. Bernina's feature their own brand-specific editiable *.art formats, but it seems that the high-end machines directly can read *.exp which is a commercial  format, if I understood right. When I bought an Elna 8300, '''no''' information about formats was included in the documentation (or I couldn't find it) ...
For technical people, software developers in particular, [[Embroidery format]] assembles everything that is known about propriety machine embroidery formats.
 
To make the situation worse, some formats have different subtypes. E.g. the popular .PES comes in ''eight'' different versions :( - I once thought that the situation was really bad for video codecs, video containers or 3D vector formats, but embroidery beats anything else I am aware of in terms of obscurity and diversity.
 
Vendors include conversion software that can translate to their (and other's) machine readable CNC formats from a series of other low-level and also from more high-level formats. The most popular exchange formats seem to be DST and EXP, but these are not necessarily the best. As little as we know of today (after few hours spent on exploration) a good format (e.g. EMB) includes a vector description of each design part and attaches abstract stitching information to that object. This way it can be transformed without deforming stitches. Less powerful formats are directly stitch-based. The most popular rather machine-specific format seems to be *.pes (Brother) since it also includes worker information.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Embroidery file formats
! extension !! Machine manufacturer !! software range !! Contents
|-
| ART || Bernina|| brand-specific || worker + stitch
|-
| CND || Melco || professional programs || worker + stitch
|-
| CSD || Singer, POEM|| brand-specific ||
|-
| DST || Tajima|| most programs || stitch
|-
| EMB || Wilcom|| most high-end programs || worker + stitch
|-
| EXP || Melco, Bernina (high-end models)|| most programs || stitch
|-
| FDR || Barudan|| ? || ?
|-
| HUS || Husquarna Viking|| brand-specific, many programs || stitch
|-
| JEF || Janome, Elna|| brand-specific, many programs || stitch (but keeps colors)
|-
| PCQ,PCD,PCM, PCS  || Pfaff || Brand-specific || stitch
|-
| PEC || Bernina ?|| brand-specific || stitch
|-
| PES || Brother || popular, most programs || worker + stitch
|-
| SEW || Janome, Elna, Kenmore|| most programs || stitch
|-
| SHV || Husquarna Viking|| brand-specific || stitch
|-
| VIP || Pfaff (older), Husquarna|| brand-specific || stitch
|-
| VP3 || Pfaff (newer)|| brand-specific || stitch
|-
| XXX || Singer, Compucon|| brand-specific || stitch
|}
 
See also (probably better informed authors):
* [http://www.puncher.com/format.htm Embroidery Formats] (at Puncher)
* [http://www.ggcreations.com.au/althea/formats.html Embroidery File Formats supported in Embird]
* [http://www.embroideryarts.com/resource/files/faq/formats_supported.php Formats Supported]
* [http://blog.stickmuster-shop.de/2009/12/welche-maschine-benotigt-welches-format/ Welche Maschine benötigt welches Format?] (2009).
* [http://www.needlework.ru/page/embroidery.html Need other embroidery format?] Good list about popular embroidery formats (from Russia).


== Links ==
== Links ==
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; Sewing and embroidery websites (unsorted)
; Sewing and embroidery websites (unsorted)


* [http://www.k2g2.org/ k2g2] {{quotation|is an open platform that is spearheading the brains and crafts movement of the 21st century, taking a hacker's perspective on everything from handicraft to crafting machines}}. This website includes good "portals" for [http://www.k2g2.org/portal:machine_knitting machine knitting] and [http://www.k2g2.org/portal:machine_embroidery machine embroidery]. '''Best''' resource for open source projects.
* [http://www.k2g2.org/ k2g2] {{quotation|is an open platform that is spearheading the brains and crafts movement of the 21st century, taking a hacker's perspective on everything from handicraft to crafting machines}}. This website includes good "portals" for [http://www.k2g2.org/portal:machine_knitting machine knitting] and [http://www.k2g2.org/portal:machine_embroidery machine embroidery]. '''Best''' resource for open source projects, but doesn't show much activity over the years.
* [http://wiki.embroiderymachine.com/index.php/Main_Page Embroidery Machine Encyclopedia] (Wiki, 148 articles as of May 2017). As of Jan 2018, the site is full of spam (>20'000 pages) but still includes the useful information.
* [http://www.sewing.org/ Sewing.org] has free sew, quilt and craft projects
* [http://www.sewing.org/ Sewing.org] has free sew, quilt and craft projects
* [http://www.gotsewing.com/ Sewing & Craft Alliance] provides educational information and creative resources to the sewing and crafting enthusiast
* [http://www.gotsewing.com/ Sewing & Craft Alliance] provides educational information and creative resources to the sewing and crafting enthusiast
Line 529: Line 102:
* [http://www.tumblr.com/ rumblr] includes a few entries about sewing etc.
* [http://www.tumblr.com/ rumblr] includes a few entries about sewing etc.
* [http://www.egausa.org/ The Embroiderers' Guild of America] (EGA). A few interesting links.
* [http://www.egausa.org/ The Embroiderers' Guild of America] (EGA). A few interesting links.
* [http://www.open-source-embroidery.org.uk/ Open Source embroidery]
* [http://sewing.patternreview.com/ patternreview] Popular site for sharing patterns and advise (including computerized stuff)
* [http://sewing.patternreview.com/ patternreview] Popular site for sharing patterns and advise (including computerized stuff)
* [http://www.embroiderersguild.org.uk/ Embroiderers' Guild] (UK organization). Publishes two magazines, [http://www.embroiderersguild.com/stitch/ STITCH with the Embroiderers' Guild] and [http://embroidery.embroiderersguild.com/ Embroidery].
* [http://embroidery.embroiderersguild.com/ Embroidery]. Nice traditional embroidery website for junior stitchters, textile students and teachers.


; In other languages
; In other languages
* [http://forum.broderiemachine.fr/ Forum Broderie Machine]
* [http://forum.broderiemachine.fr/ Forum Broderie Machine]
* [http://blog.stickmuster-shop.de/ Stickmaschinen-Blog] (good tips)
* [http://blog.stickmuster-shop.de/ Stickmaschinen-Blog] (good tips)
; Art / political
* [http://www.open-source-embroidery.org.uk/ Open Source Embroidery]


; Blogs
; Blogs
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(Retrieved April 2011, unless otherwise stated)
(Retrieved April 2011, unless otherwise stated)


; Introductions to embroidery
; Introductions to traditional embroidery
(there are many, but we keep it down since we are interested in computer-created designs only here)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroidery Embroidery] (Wikipedia). Follow-up the various Wikipedia links at the bottom.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroidery Embroidery] (Wikipedia). follow-up the various Wikipedia links at the bottom.


; Introductions to computerized embroidery
; Introductions to computerized embroidery
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** [http://hlt.media.mit.edu/wiki/pmwiki.php?n=Main.EmbroideryMachine2 Embroidery Machine Tutorial Part 2: The Machine] (Bernina Artista 630 tutorial)
** [http://hlt.media.mit.edu/wiki/pmwiki.php?n=Main.EmbroideryMachine2 Embroidery Machine Tutorial Part 2: The Machine] (Bernina Artista 630 tutorial)


* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_embroidery Machine embroidery] (Wikipedia)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_embroidery Machine embroidery] (Wikipedia). Not a particularly good article as of Jan 2018.
* [http://www.ehow.com/how_5129778_digitize-embroidery-designs.html How to Digitize Embroidery Designs] at eHow
* [http://www.ehow.com/how_5129778_digitize-embroidery-designs.html How to Digitize Embroidery Designs] at eHow
* [http://www.ehow.com/how_5876025_create-digital-embroidery-design.html How to Create a Digital Embroidery Design] at eHow


; Introductions computerized sewing machine
; Introductions to computerized sewing machine
* [http://home.howstuffworks.com/sewing-machine3.htm Computerized Sewing Machines], at How stuff works (part 3 of [http://home.howstuffworks.com/sewing-machine1.htm How Sewing Machines Work])
* [http://home.howstuffworks.com/sewing-machine3.htm Computerized Sewing Machines], at How stuff works (part 3 of [http://home.howstuffworks.com/sewing-machine1.htm How Sewing Machines Work])


Line 573: Line 140:


; Specialized tutorials
; Specialized tutorials
* [http://www.ladyada.net/learn/electroknit/ Electro-knit!] Hacking the Brother KH-930e knitting machine by Ladyada, March 2011. See also [http://www.antitronics.com/wiki/index.php?title=Electroknit_Technical_Information Electroknit Technical Information] by Sconklin. (Dec 2010).
* [https://learn.adafruit.com/electroknit Hacking the Brother KH-930 Knitting Machine]
 
; Other
* [http://scripts.mit.edu/~emu/fab/?p=1159 computer controlled embroidery?]. Discussion about fab labs and tools of culture (fab/MIT)


=== Software links ===
=== Software links ===
(see our own links to software packages in the software section above)
(see our own links in the [[embroidery software]] article)


; Useful websites
; Useful websites
* [http://www.k2g2.org/portal:machine_embroidery Machine Embroidery Portal] at k2g2. It includes pointers to the most of the few open source software and:
* [http://www.k2g2.org/portal:machine_embroidery Machine Embroidery Portal] at k2g2. Used to be a good resource, but not updated since 2014 (as of Jan 2018).
** [http://www.k2g2.org/links:industrial_embroidery_software List of Industrial Embroidery Software] ('''Best''' list I found)
** [http://www.k2g2.org/links:commercial_embroidery_software Links to commercial embroidery software],
** [http://www.k2g2.org/links:industrial_embroidery_software Links to industrial embroidery software]
* [http://sewing.patternreview.com/SewingDiscussions/topic/48008 embroidery software which runs natively under Mac OS X] (2/2010)
* [http://sewing.patternreview.com/SewingDiscussions/topic/48008 embroidery software which runs natively under Mac OS X] (2/2010)
* [http://www.embcollection.com/Embroidery.html Professional Embroidery Software] (a long list with links to publishers).


; Comparisons
; Comparisons
* [http://www.tvp-textil.de/downloads/getfile.php?id=3741 Review by TVP textil] (In German, includes interviews with professional punchers with respect to quality differences in software) by [http://www.tvp-textil.de/ TVP Textil].
 
* [http://www.florianisoftware.com/newsletter/V51_DigitzingSoftware.pdf Understanding Digitizing Software] by Floriani.
The best table we found is Wikipedia's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_embroidery_software Comparison of embroidery software]. However, it does not really choosing a good software.  
 
A (good) 2013 comparison of software by Floriani (a software producer) is kept in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20131105225712/http://www.florianisoftware.com/newsletter/V51_DigitzingSoftware.pdf wayback machine]


; File formats
; File formats
* [http://www.achatina.de/sewing/main/TECHNICL.HTM Technical info about formats]
* [http://www.achatina.de/sewing/main/TECHNICL.HTM Technical info about formats]
* [http://embroidermodder.sourceforge.net/ Embroidermodder] has links to other pages
* [http://embroidermodder.sourceforge.net/ Embroidermodder] has links to other pages
* [http://www.wotsit.org/ Wotsit.org] includes a description and a link for most somewhat popular computer file formats. (you will have to search for stitching/sewing formats).
* [http://www.needlework.ru/page/embroidery.html Need other embroidery format?] at needlework.ru
* [http://www.needlework.ru/page/embroidery.html Need other embroidery format?] at needlework.ru


=== Hardware links ===
=== Hardware links ===


* [http://products.howstuffworks.com/computerized-sewing-machine-reviews.htm Computerized Sewing Machines Reviews and Prices] at products/how stuff works.
* [https://www.fabathome.org/best-embroidery-machine/ The 11 Best Embroidery Machines of 2018] (FabatHome. Notice: there is only one small multi-needle machine, one can not call a single needle machine "professional".)
* [http://www.bestsewingmachinesonline.com/ The Best Sewing Machine Online]. Explains some history, how they work and discusses various models (include some that are computer-powered or controlled).
* [http://bestsewingmachine.net/ Best Sewing Machine]. Lots of reviews (> 600 models)


; In other languages
; In other languages
Line 616: Line 175:
There don't seem to be many truly free and easy to use websites. Most commercial web sites offer some free designs. In addition, some of the free open source or close source software packages include free designs (see above).
There don't seem to be many truly free and easy to use websites. Most commercial web sites offer some free designs. In addition, some of the free open source or close source software packages include free designs (see above).


* [http://www.thingiverse.com/tool:41 The 'Automatic Embroidery Machine' System] Thingiverse. As of 4/2011 only 3 things .... but that will change ;)
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/ Thingiverse]. Search for em broidery. As of 1/2018 only a few designs....
* [http://www.besthandembroidery.com/embroidery-tools/free-embroidery-designs-online/ Free Embroidery Designs Online]. This is a commented list of embroidery sites that offer some freebies. Each referred sites offers a few free designs.
 
* You could search for [http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=embroidery%20patterns&w=all embroidery patterns on Flickr]. Some are free (but you then need to digitize these or find another version)
* You could search for [http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=embroidery%20patterns&w=all embroidery patterns on Flickr]. Some are free (but you then need to digitize these or find another version)


Line 630: Line 187:


; Introductory books for machine embroidery
; Introductory books for machine embroidery
* John Deer (2007). Digitizing Made Easy: Create Custom Embroidery Designs Like a Pro, Krause Publications. ISBN 0896894924 (Good introductory book to digitizing, a cheaper and simpler alternative to Nielsen)
*  Jones, Deborah. (2009). ''Machine Embroidery on Difficult Materials'' (Book & CD Rom), Krause Publications, ISBN 0896896544. (Explains how to embroider on silk, leather, lace, etc.)
* Nielsen, Bonnie (2010). ''Punch  - Digitizing for Embroidery Design'', Verlagshaus Gruber. Directly order from the editor (cheaper price at 53€): https://shop.verlagshaus-gruber.de/int_de/featured/punch-digitizing-for-embroidery-design.html ('''Best overall book.''' There is also a German edition: Punchen – Kreatives Erstellen von Stickdesigns ISBN: 978-3-00-044615-3)
* Twigg, Jeanine (2001). Embroidery Machine Essentials: How to Stabilize, Hoop and Stitch Decorative Designs,  Krause Publications, ISBN 9780873419994 (Useful for absolute beginners. There are several companion books from the same author).
; Other introductory books for machine embroidery


(I don't have any of these, and therefore can't recommend any - DKS June 2011)
(I don't have any of these, and therefore can't recommend any - DKS June 2011)
Line 638: Line 205:


* Deb Menz (2004). ''Color Works'', Interweave Press, ISBN 1931499470 (This book address color for crafters).  
* Deb Menz (2004). ''Color Works'', Interweave Press, ISBN 1931499470 (This book address color for crafters).  
* Deborah Jones, ''Machine Embroidery on Difficult Materials'' (Book & CD Rom), Krause Publications, ISBN 0896896544.
* Jeanine Twigg (2001). Embroidery Machine Essentials: How to Stabilize, Hoop and Stitch Decorative Designs,  Krause Publications, ISBN 9780873419994 (There are several companion books from the same author).


* Linda Turner Griepentrog, Rebecca Kemp Brent (2006). ''Machine Embroidery Wild & Wacky'', Krause Publications.
* Linda Turner Griepentrog, Rebecca Kemp Brent (2006). ''Machine Embroidery Wild & Wacky'', Krause Publications.
* John Deer (2007)., Digitizing Made Easy: Create Custom Embroidery Designs Like a Pro, Krause Publications. ISBN 0896894924


* Linda Miller (2010). ''Creative Machine Embroidery'', A&C Black. ISBN 1408103982.
* Linda Miller (2010). ''Creative Machine Embroidery'', A&C Black. ISBN 1408103982.
Line 651: Line 212:
* Van Holmes (2008). ''Encyclopedia of Machine Embroidery'', Anova Batsford, ISBN 9781906388188.
* Van Holmes (2008). ''Encyclopedia of Machine Embroidery'', Anova Batsford, ISBN 9781906388188.


; Academic Journals
; Academic Journals (may contain articles about embroidery)


* [http://trj.sagepub.com/ Textile Research Journal], Sage.
* [http://trj.sagepub.com/ Textile Research Journal], Sage.
* [http://www.scirp.org/journal/ADR/ Art and Design Review], Scientific Publisher, Open Access.
; Research
* He, T., Isenberg, P., & Isenberg, T. (2023). Data Embroidery with Black-and-White Textures. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.02864. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373714923_Data_Embroidery_with_Black-and-White_Textures/fulltext/64f93dc205a98c1b63f7d6ba/Data-Embroidery-with-Black-and-White-Textures.pdf
* Irene Posch and Ebru Kurbak. 2016. CRAFTED LOGIC Towards Hand-Crafting a Computer. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3881-3884. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2891101
* Sofronova, D., & Sofronov, Y. (2020). Evaluation of stitch length accuracy of embroidery machine by different speed and step. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 207, p. 03004). EDP Sciences. https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2020/67/e3sconf_fpepm2020_03004.pdf


; Trade journals
; Trade journals


* [http://www.asipublications.com/Stitches/  Stitches]. Also manages a [http://www.stitchesmagsocialsite.com/ a social website] (registration required)
* [https://graphics-pro.com/ Graphics Pro], includes articles about embroidery (some education)
 
* [https://www.impressionsmagazine.com/ Impressions], information for apparel (screen printing, embroidery, heat-applied graphics and digital decorating).


* [http://www.stitchprint.eu/ Stitch and Print]
* [http://www.stitchprint.eu/ Stitch and Print]
* [http://www.embroiderersguild.com/stitch/ Stitch], hand stitching (from the [https://embroiderersguild.com/ embroiders' guild])
* [https://www.stickstoff-magazin.de/ Stickstoff Magazin] (in German, pay)


[[Category: hardware]]
[[Category: hardware]]
[[Category: Design methodologies]]
[[Category: Design methodologies]]
[[Category: Computerized embroidery]]
[[Category: Computerized embroidery]]
[[Category: Fab lab]]
[[fr:Broderie machine]]

Latest revision as of 18:47, 11 June 2024

Machine embroidery
Module - entry page
Computerized embroidery
⚐ to improve ☸
⚒ 2024/06/11
See also


See also

  • Quality: to improve


Introduction

Computerized embroidery, also called Computer-controlled embroidery or simply machine embroidery is a kind of Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM).

See the Machine embroidery portal page for a list of all embroidery-related topics.

In this short article, we shall introduce some basic principles. More technical information about computerized embroidery is available in other articles available indexed in the computerized embroidery category. Computerized embroidery machines are specialized machines that can create embroidery from computerized designs. Such machines exist for the home market, for the small independent professional and for mass production. Many home sewing machines can be turned into an embroidery machine by adding a hardware module. Embroidery machines can be found in fab labs and other maker spaces.

Embroidery design software exists in various form, either as special-purpose tools for various design stages or as complete design suites. Embroidery designs can be stored in a multitude of proprietary design formats, that can be exported to proprietary machine formats (now often sold over the Internet). Free "open source" designs files are difficult to find. Converter software between various machine formats exists. Most design formats cannot be translated.

See also:

History

It can be argued that computer-controlled embroidery machines are older than computers. In the beginning of the 19th century, Jacquard invented looms controlled by a "chain of cards". However, embroidery machines controlled in real-time by a "puncher" through pantographs dominated the market in the 19th century and lasted until the 1970's we believe. Models made between the two WWs used punched tapes for control, i.e. software driven embroidery machines became important. In the 1980 the first computer-controlled machines for the home market appeared (Wikipedia, retrieved May 2018). Chitter Chatter Embroidery Machine History and Ann the Gran Embroidery History include some interesting pictures.

According to Wikipedia and other sources, the first modern day computer controlled sewing machine was built by Orisol in 1987 for making shoes, i.e. much later than embroidery machines.

Stitching and design steps

More or less according to Wikipedia, the basic steps for creating an embroidery are as follows:

  • [Optional] Get or create a digitized embroidery design file in some kind of editable format. Typical formats are .emb, .exe, .dst, .cnd and .fdr. Each software manufacturer has its own proprietary format.
  • [Optional] Combine it with other designs, e.g. add some custom lettering (optional)
  • Translate the design to machine executable code (or get a file that is executable). Typical formats are .art, .pes, .jef, .sew and .hus (see below)
  • Load this "stitch" file into the embroidery machine
  • Stabilize and hoop the fabric and attach the hoop to the machine
  • Start and monitor the embroidery machine, i.e. change the thread if needed.

Creating a digitized embroidery file itself includes at least two steps:

  • (Optional) Create a drawing in an editable vector format. It is also possible to vectorize (traced) raster images, but this can be very time consuming.
  • Digitize (translate, punch) the vector drawing to a (preferably) editable embroidery design format. A stitchable design includes embroidery-specific information like stitches and thread color. Good software rather defines "stitch objects", e.g. lines and fills (columns and areas) that are parameterized with stitching information such as the filling patterns, density, stitch density, pull compensation, stitch direction, etc..
  • Export to machine-specific formats.

Typical paradigm

While some more modern machines perform actions like dropping a sequin to be sewn in place, most modern embroidery consists is entirely of the same looped interlock stitch that have been the mainstay of sewing machines since their inception. Computerized embroidery formats ultimately contain instructions for the embroidery machine to perform. Move to a new location in two different directions, move but block the needle-bar (jump), cut the thread, drop the needle, switch to the next thread. These are all the actions that a sewing machine can take, usually in increments of 1/10th a millimeter. The goal then within design software is often how to pattern these stitches in useful ways for the person using the software. These patterns result in a lot of the underlying concepts within embroidery software. Stitches like zig-zag, satin, flat fill, bean stitch, and others are simply straight stitches in particular patterns, and the methods used to generate these are not explicit to the media.

Typically modern embroidery software uses vector shapes with fills applied to the objects. This allows the users for editing of the objects and thus the fills those objects create and adjustments to the density, direction, or any other property used to generate the resulting stitches. The advantages to this is that embroidery can be done quickly. A lot of stitches in recognizable patterns can be applied quickly with skilled users getting the results they expect. The software then stores the vector object and the fill properties to generate the underlying stitches. When the underlying stitches are edited by the user, regenerating the stitches would lose those modifications.

While vectors are a key aspect of this paradigm, it's not the case that you could go from vector to embroidery without some additional information about the type of fill being applied to that object. While software could take a vector as the answer of where to fill, they don't answer the question of how to fill. There's also a considerable amount of things that are technically permitted of a series of short line-segments (and thus embroidery) but are not easily accomplished through the dominant paradigm.

This seems to be the reason there are so many different formats, basically a different one for each type of embroidery. And different versions of formats add more such features to the software. If you wish to edit a design later, you need to have all the objects the file used to generate the stitches. Often software suites develop different methods for filling various objects or different features and these are unique to that particular brand. It's also the reason why, even when some formats have vector information (say PES files), these are not loaded by other software (eg. Wilcom Trusizer) in a manner that could be resized beyond about 10% without noticeable loss of coverage for the fill. Other software that can load a format, will often only load the actual stitches themselves (since that's what, all embroidery files must have to be sewn), which prevents any editing of the shapes used to generate them initially.

A straight stitch or running stitch is the typical name for a stitch that is generally not in the pattern of one of the other types of stitches. Technically all stitches are the same and they are all running stitches. They can't be anything else.

Fill stitches, also called tatami stitch are montone fills of particularly defined areas. These tend to be a sort of flood fill done with stitches. Most modern embroidery software executes this by using vector objects which then have a fill applied to them.

Mathematically the objects being filled must be monotone or broken into different parts. Monotone geometric objects can be filled with an unbroken scanline starting from the top to the bottom without changing directions. Since some objects being filled will lack this property, the objects are converted into monotone objects by clipping off the non-monotone parts. These are then underpathed (a straight stitch to the other merge/split node occurring such that it will be covered) and filled, and merged with the current fill. There is a lot of differences in how this algorithm is implemented between different software suites.

Sometimes even monotone objects are broken in this manner to allow for a start and stop location to be predefined. If you are filling a circle from the top to bottom, but want to start from the left, the algorithm will need to underpath to the top, then fill to the bottom. If an exit location is needed, it will stop at the level of the exit-node, underpath to the bottom, then fill up to the exit position.

Satin stitches are so-called because they have a soft satiny look. They are geometrically sweep fills of sweepable objects. A sweepable object is one that can be completely filled by a sweepline that transverses the object and is permitted to change directions. By definition if an object is sweepable it is monotone, as it does not need to change directions. Satin stitches are usually done with areas small enough that a single stitch can fill the objects.

This covers most of the conceptual design aspects within embroidery software. Some popular tools like Wilcom B, generally work by creating the vector object and fill direction and fill information at the same time. Which is a step away from the paradigm of vector + fill -> embroidery.

Read embroidery stitch type for a short presentation of various options available in embroidery software.

Moving on

The concepts of computerized embroidery article will introduce some important practical concepts of machine embroidery. Embroidery stitch types are discussed in a separate piece. Hooping and stabilizing in computerized embroidery explain how to ready a fabric for embroidery.

Embroidery software tries to provide an overview of various embroidery software. Stitch Era tutorials is the starting point of a vector-drawing centric series of tutorials of a powerful and relatively cheap complete embroidery software. InkStitch is the start page of a tutorial series for an open-source platform based on Inkscape, the open source drawing program.

For technical people, software developers in particular, Embroidery format assembles everything that is known about propriety machine embroidery formats.

Links

General links

Sewing and embroidery websites (unsorted)
  • k2g2 “is an open platform that is spearheading the brains and crafts movement of the 21st century, taking a hacker's perspective on everything from handicraft to crafting machines”. This website includes good "portals" for machine knitting and machine embroidery. Best resource for open source projects, but doesn't show much activity over the years.
  • Embroidery Machine Encyclopedia (Wiki, 148 articles as of May 2017). As of Jan 2018, the site is full of spam (>20'000 pages) but still includes the useful information.
  • Sewing.org has free sew, quilt and craft projects
  • Sewing & Craft Alliance provides educational information and creative resources to the sewing and crafting enthusiast
  • SewReview, includes a blog with entries on various topics plus buying guides and reviews
  • eHow includes entries about sewing, embroidery, etc.
  • rumblr includes a few entries about sewing etc.
  • The Embroiderers' Guild of America (EGA). A few interesting links.
  • patternreview Popular site for sharing patterns and advise (including computerized stuff)
  • Embroidery. Nice traditional embroidery website for junior stitchters, textile students and teachers.
In other languages
Blogs
Other links of links
  • Embroidermodder has some good links (including broken ones, last update was 2004)

Introductions

(Retrieved April 2011, unless otherwise stated)

Introductions to traditional embroidery
  • Embroidery (Wikipedia). Follow-up the various Wikipedia links at the bottom.
Introductions to computerized embroidery
Introductions to computerized sewing machine
Introductions to normal sewing machine
Specialized tutorials

Software links

(see our own links in the embroidery software article)

Useful websites
Comparisons

The best table we found is Wikipedia's Comparison of embroidery software. However, it does not really choosing a good software.

A (good) 2013 comparison of software by Floriani (a software producer) is kept in the wayback machine

File formats

Hardware links

In other languages
Do it yourself

Free design repositories

There don't seem to be many truly free and easy to use websites. Most commercial web sites offer some free designs. In addition, some of the free open source or close source software packages include free designs (see above).

  • Thingiverse. Search for em broidery. As of 1/2018 only a few designs....
  • You could search for embroidery patterns on Flickr. Some are free (but you then need to digitize these or find another version)

Fablab work, open source, etc.

(more needed)

Bibliography and journals

Introductory books for machine embroidery
  • John Deer (2007). Digitizing Made Easy: Create Custom Embroidery Designs Like a Pro, Krause Publications. ISBN 0896894924 (Good introductory book to digitizing, a cheaper and simpler alternative to Nielsen)
  • Jones, Deborah. (2009). Machine Embroidery on Difficult Materials (Book & CD Rom), Krause Publications, ISBN 0896896544. (Explains how to embroider on silk, leather, lace, etc.)
  • Twigg, Jeanine (2001). Embroidery Machine Essentials: How to Stabilize, Hoop and Stitch Decorative Designs, Krause Publications, ISBN 9780873419994 (Useful for absolute beginners. There are several companion books from the same author).
Other introductory books for machine embroidery

(I don't have any of these, and therefore can't recommend any - DKS June 2011)

  • C&T Publishing (2004), All About Machine Arts, ISBN 9781571202277.
  • Betty Barnden (Author) (2003). The Embroidery Stitch Bible, Krause Publications, ISBN 9780873495103.
  • Deb Menz (2004). Color Works, Interweave Press, ISBN 1931499470 (This book address color for crafters).
  • Linda Turner Griepentrog, Rebecca Kemp Brent (2006). Machine Embroidery Wild & Wacky, Krause Publications.
  • Linda Miller (2010). Creative Machine Embroidery, A&C Black. ISBN 1408103982.
  • Van Holmes (2008). Encyclopedia of Machine Embroidery, Anova Batsford, ISBN 9781906388188.
Academic Journals (may contain articles about embroidery)
Research
  • Irene Posch and Ebru Kurbak. 2016. CRAFTED LOGIC Towards Hand-Crafting a Computer. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3881-3884. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2891101
Trade journals
  • Graphics Pro, includes articles about embroidery (some education)
  • Impressions, information for apparel (screen printing, embroidery, heat-applied graphics and digital decorating).
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