Unified modeling language
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Notice de copyright: Cet article sur UML est disponible sous la licence de documentation libre GNU (GDL). On a repris pas mal de choses de plusieurs wikipedias (en/ger/fr) - Daniel K. Schneider 23 janvier 2009 à 13:56 (CET)
Introduction
UML (en anglais Unified Modeling Language, « langage de modélisation unifié ») est un langage graphique de modélisation des données et des traitements. (Wikipedia, 1/2009).
UML dans l'éducation
UML est assez populaire en technologies éducatives et surtout auprès des informaticiens qui développement des applications et/ou créent des nouveaux langages et outils. On peut distinguer plusieurs types d'utilisation.
- Design de logiciels pédagogiques
UML est un formalisme général pour décrire des processus, objets, et outil du traitement de l'information. Donc on peut décrire par exemple ce que les acteurs (designers, enseignants, élèves, etc.) font, comment les systèmes sont construits. Donc UML est utilisé comme outil de génie logiciel (c.f. educational software design. Voir par exemple les diagrammes UML pour Flex ou Giesbers et al. (2007).
- Langage de design pour la description de scénarios pédagogiques
Plusieurs langages de modélisation pédagogique utilisent des langages UML ou encore des extensions de langages UML en tant que langage de design. Autrement dit, il est suggéré que le concepteur utilise lui-même UML.
- coUML est un langage qui permet de décrire des cours à différents niveaux.
- Definition de langages de modélisation
- Quelques langages de modélisation pédagogique utilsent UML "derrière les coulisses", c.a.d. pour les experts et les informaticiens qui dovient implémenter des outils. Un bon exemple est le modèle d'information de en:IMS Learning Design
- « The semantic, conceptual model has been expressed as a series of UML models, from which several bindings were generated automatically. E.g. for the IMS Learning Design specification a XML schema has been derived that keeps the semantics in the tag-names. However other bindings (RDF Schema/OWL, Topic Maps, SGML schema's, relational database schema's) could in principle be generated as well. This implies that the UML model is the dominant part of the specification; it captures the semantic structure and allows other representations to be generated from it. [.... ] It is expected that the semantic model underlying LD, as expressed in UML, is a critical component for the realisation of the Educational Semantic Web, because it provides a tested, generic and (within the IMS community) accepted semantic notation. Whether this model is implemented in XML, RDF-Schema, OWL,Topic Maps etc. depends which tools and technologies are used at any moment in time.» (Koper, 2004).
- Le modèle conceptuel ISIS et Learning design language décrivent leur méta-modèle en UML
- Certains auteurs utilisent "Use case" (c.f. use case, Angl.) pour modéliser avec quels artéfacts des acteurs interagissent.
- Les diagrammes d'activité (en:UML activity diagram) sont utilisés pour modéliser les activités d'un scénario. Un bon exemple sont les Patron de flux d'apprentissage collaboratif (en:Collaborative Learning Flow Pattern)
Logiciels
Voir list of UML tools (Wikipedia)
- UML Drawing tools
- Violet - SourceForge site. Java-based UML editor. Tested: it works fine, but is not feature complete. It can be used for training and not too advanced diagrams. E.g. objects are missing from activity diagrams.
- ArgoUML ArgoUML is the leading open source UML modeling tool and includes support for all standard UML 1.4 diagrams. (Note: Some UML 2.0 languages are quite different)
- There exist some UML editor extensions to the Eclips IDE, e.g. Violet UML Editor (not tested)
- General-purpose drawing tools with UML support
- DIA - DIA (Wikipedia). Dia is free software/open source general-purpose diagramming software and has special objects to draw UML diagrams. Can export to various formats.
- How to draw a diagram with Dia (Wikipedia)
- Dia in Daniel K. Schneider's opinion a fairly nice job for just drawing. Some elements are missing though (e.g. activity diagram signals).
- UML drawings generators
- MetaUML, UML for LaTeX/MetaPost. Implements a subset of UML 2.0, i.e. curently (June 2008) subsets for Class, activity, use case, state machine and package diagrams. Important: Consult the manual since examples do not show the full potential of MetaUML.
- Extension:UML. Mediawiki extension (installed in this wiki).
- UML-based code generators
- BOUML (pas testé)
Liens
Sites officiels / standards
- Object Management Group (OMG)
- UML® Resource Page, a OMG web site.
- Unified Modeling Language (UML), version 2.1.2. There are two specifications that comprise the UML 2.1.2 specification: Superstructure and Infrastructure. There are also two specifications that relate to the UML2 specification (Diagram Interchange and Object Constraint Language).
Articles de survol
- Edutechwiki Anglais
- Unified Modeling Language (Wikipedia)
- Glossary of Unified Modeling Language terms
- Unified Modeling Language (Wikipedia français)
- Unified Modeling Language (Wikipedia allemand)
- List of UML tools (Wikipedia)
- UML tool (Wikipedia)
- Glossary of UML terms (Wikipedia)
Tutoriels
- En Français
- UML 2 par Laurent Audibert] Très complet !
- Introduction à UML par Alexandre Brillant. Court et bien (mais manque les diagrammes d'activité. 1/2009).
- En Anglais
- Practical UML: A Hands-On Introduction for Developers. Short tutorial by Randy Miller, CodeGear.
- Sparx UML Tutorials A series of introductions from SparxSystems.
- Introduction to the Diagrams of UML 2.0 by Scott W. Ambler, AgileModeling.com. A series of tutorials for the 13 UML 2 diagrams.
- Conrad Bock's articles on UML 2.0, e.g.
Sites web UML
- Uml bliki by Martin Fowler.
- UML® Resource Page, a OMG web site (Includes pointers to other web sites)
- Architecture and Design: Unified Modeling Language (UML) from Cetus-links.org. Good meta-index.
- Unified Modeling Language at IBM.
Exemples
- Voir les articles dans la catégorie et UML (Anglais)
- UML diagrams of FLE3.
Bibliographie
- Arlow, J., & Neustadt, I. (2002). UML and the Unified Process, London: Pearson Education.
- Booch, G., Jacobson, I., & Rumbaugh, J. (1998). Unified Modelling Language User Guide, Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- Fowler, M. (2000). UML distilled (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0321193687
- Giesbers, B., van Bruggen, J., Hermans, H., Joosten-ten Brinke, D., Burgers, J., Koper, R., & Latour, I. (2007). Towards a methodology for educational modelling: a case in educational assessment. Educational Technology & Society, 10 (1), 237-247. PDF
- Joosten-ten Brinke, D., van Bruggen, J., Hermans, H., Burgers, J., Giesbers, B., Koper, R., & Latour, I. (in press). Modeling assessment for re-use of traditional and new types of assessment. Computers in Human Behaviour.
- Koper, R. (2004). Use of the Semantic Web to Solve Some Basic Problems in Education: Increase Flexible, Distributed Lifelong Learning, Decrease Teacher's Workload. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2004 (6). Special Issue on the Educational Semantic Web. ISSN:1365-893X [1]
- Randy Miller, Practical UML: A Hands-On Introduction for Developers, Borland Developer network. (This is a very short general UML tutorial).
- Donald Bell, UML basics: An introduction to the Unified Modeling Language, IBM Developper Works / Rational Rose. (IBM has a lot of UML and use case tutorials, needs some searching skills)
- OMG-UML (2003). UML Specification, version 1.4. Retrieved October 14, 2003, from http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/uml.htm
- OMG-UML (2005). Unified Modeling Language (UML), version 2.1.2. retrieved 17:00, 5 June 2008 (UTC) from http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/uml.htm
- There are two specifications that comprise the UML 2.1.2 specification: Superstructure and Infrastructure. There are also two specifications that relate to the UML2 specification (Diagram Interchange and Object Constraint Language).
- Pilone, Dan and Neil Pitman (2005). UML 2.0 in a Nutshell, O'Reilly Media, ISBN 0596007957 (this is the best book Daniel K. Schneider bought, better than the first edition which wasn't very clear).