FEASP
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Definition
- The F(ear)E(nvy)A(nger)S(ympathy)P(leasure)-approach for designing positive feeling instruction postulates that the instructional designer has to analyze emotional problems before and during instruction (Astleitner, 2000: 175).
- See also:
- MacFadden's constructivist emotionally-oriented model.
- Further related issues like motivation and motivation-based design models like ARCS.
The FEASP model
According to Astleitner (2000: 175):
There are five basic categories of emotional conditions that the instructional designer must understand and use in order to produce instruction which is emotionally sound, " Fear" refers to a negative feeling arising from subjectively judging a situation as threatening or dangerous. "Envy" is a negative feeling resulting from the desire to get something that is possessed by others or not to lose something that one is possessing. "Anger" refers to a negative feeling coming from being hindered to reach a desired goal and being forced to an additional action. "Sympathy" is a positive feeling referring to an experience of feelings and orientations of other people who are in the need of help. "Pleasure" is a positive feeling based on mastering a situation with a deep devotion to an action.
Accordingly, Fear, envy, and anger should be reduced during instruction, sympathy and pleasure should be increased.
The following FEASP overview table is copyright by Astleitner, reproduced here with permission and retrieved 16:18, 27 May 2006 (MEST) from http://www.sbg.ac.at/erz/feasp/overview.htm by DKS)
This table associates all instructional strategies of the FEASP-approach with examples in traditional and technology-based instruction.
| Instructional strategies | Examples from traditional instruction | Examples from instructional technology based instruction |
| Fear reduction |
||
| F1 Ensure success in learning | Use well-proven motivational and cognitive instructional strategies | Cognitive learning design |
| F2 Accept mistakes as opportunities for learning | Let student talk about their failures, their expectations, the reasons for errors, etc. | Q&A, success statistics |
| F3 Induce relaxation | Apply muscle relaxation, visual imagery, autogenics, or meditation | Trainings via media players |
| F4 Be critical, but sustain a positive perspective |
Train students in critical thinking, but also point out the beauty of things | Cognitive tools (semantic networking) |
| Envy reduction | ||
| E1 Encourage comparison with autobiographical and criterion reference points instead of social standards | Show students their individual learning history | Student progress tracking, using target lists |
| E2 Install consistent and transparent evaluating and grading | Inform students in detail about guidelines for grading | Programmed fact-based evaluation and feedback |
| E3 Inspire a sense of authenticity and openness | Install "personal information boards" telling others who you are | Personal homepages |
| E4 Avoid unequal distributed privileges among students | Grant all students or no student access to private matters | Rule-based granting of privileges |
| Anger reduction | ||
| A1 Stimulate the control of anger | Show students how to reduce anger through counting backward | Anger buttons |
| A2 Show multiple views of things | Demonstrate how one problem can be solved through different operations | Linked information |
| A3 Let anger be expressed in a constructive way |
Do not accept escaping when interpersonal problem solving is necessary | Anger-help option |
| A4 Do not show and accept any form of violence | Avoid threatening gestures | Non-violent action: motivational design |
| Sympathy increase | ||
| S1 Intensify relationships | Get students to know other students friends and families | Synchronous and asynchronous communication tools |
| S2 Install sensitive interactions | Reduce students` sulking and increase their directly asking for help | On-/offline trainings for empathic communication |
| S3 Establish cooperative learning structures | Use group investigations for cooperation | Collaborative learning tools |
| S4 Implement peer helping programs | Let students adopt children in need | Social networks within the world-wide-web |
| Pleasure increase | ||
| P1 Enhance well-being | Illustrate students a probabilistic view of the future | User-friendly interface design |
| P2 Establish open learning opportunities | Use self-instructional learning materials | Virtual classrooms |
| P3 Use humor | Produce funny comics with students | Story/comic/cartoon production systems |
| P4 Install play-like activities | Use simulation-based instructional games | Instructional computer games |
Note that the FEASP approach is not a closed theory, but an open research program telling people what to do in order to improve any kind of instruction in respect to emotional issues.
References
- Astleitner, Hermann, Designing Emotionally Sound Instruction (2000): The FEASP-Approach, Instructional Science 28 (3): 169-198, May 2000 [ http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1023/A:1003893915778]
- Astleitner, Hermann, Designing Emotionally Sound Instruction: The FEASP-Approach, (open online version, published in: Instructional Science, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 169-198 [1]
- Astleitner, Hermann and Detlev Leutner (2000), Designing Instructional Technology from an Emotional Perspective, RTE, Volume 32, Number 4, Summer 2000.
- J. Keller, Motivational Design of Instruction, in C. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional Design Theories and Models, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, pp. 383-434, 1983.