Document standard: Difference between revisions

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== Definition ==
== Definition ==
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Document standards can be defined in terms of:
Document standards can be defined in terms of:
* Document file formats, i.e. text or binary formats for storing documents an storage media.
* Document file formats, i.e. text or binary formats for storing documents an storage media.
* Content structure, usually an XML application
* Content structure ([[structured authoring]], usually an [[XML]] application).


== Document file formats ==
== Document file formats ==
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=== Markup languages that separate content from style ===
=== Markup languages that separate content from style ===


These are somewhat human readable
These so-called [[structured authoring]] formats are somewhat human readable.


* [[DocBook]] (XML or SGML) was originally intented for authoring technical documents but can be used for almost any kind of document.
* [[DocBook]] (XML or SGML) was originally intended for authoring technical documents but can be used for almost any kind of document.
* [[DITA]]
* [[DITA]]
* [[XHTML]] strict
* [[XHTML]] strict (to some extent)
* [[HTML5]] (to some extent)
* [[ePub]], an e-book format
* TEX and related languages like Latex
* TEX and related languages like Latex
There exist also a number of non-formal simple markup languages, e.g.
* Various [[Wiki]] formats
* "[http://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/doc-sig/stext/ Structured Text]" used in the Python community.


=== Specialized markup languages for education ===
=== Specialized markup languages for education ===


We don't consider [[educational modeling language]]s like [[IMS Learning Design]], [[IMS Simple Sequencing]] etc. and that are abased on the [IMS Content Package]] "logic" to be document standards, because contents themselves are not in any way marked up. They are just assembled in menu structures.
We don't consider [[educational modeling language]]s like [[IMS Learning Design]], [[IMS Simple Sequencing]] etc. and that are based on the [[IMS Content Packaging]] "logic" to be document standards, because contents themselves are not in any way marked up. They are just assembled in menu structures.


One also could extend/specialize DITA and DocBook with educational markup. We also think that XHTML 2.0 may have potential for that kind of things.
One also could extend/specialize DITA and DocBook with educational markup. We also think that XHTML 2.0 may have potential for that kind of things.
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* [[eLML]] - eLesson Markup Language. In [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]]'s opinion, about the only stable educational content markup language there is. See also [http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=42034 Stephen Downes comment]. eLML is focussed on lessons, which is of course a limitation for general purpose content markup.
* [[eLML]] - eLesson Markup Language. In [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]]'s opinion, about the only stable educational content markup language there is. See also [http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=42034 Stephen Downes comment]. eLML is focussed on lessons, which is of course a limitation for general purpose content markup.


=== Messy markup languages ===
=== Markup languages for (messy) word processor markup ===


These markup content, style and other things together and are not really human readable.
These markup content, style and other things together and are not really human readable.


* OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF): [http://xml.openoffice.org/ Open Office XML Project]. This standard is used by [http://www.openoffice.org/ Open Office] and [http://symphony.lotus.com/software/lotus/symphony Lotus Symphony]
* OASIS [https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=office#technical Open Document Format] for Office Applications (ODF), started by [http://xml.openoffice.org/ Open Office XML Project]. This standard is used by [http://www.openoffice.org/ Open Office], the now more popular [https://www.libreoffice.org/ Libre office], [http://symphony.lotus.com/software/lotus/symphony Lotus Symphony] and others. Microsoft word can read and write ODF format (at least somewhat).
* Microsoft XML Refence Schemas (including WordML, SpreadsheetML, etc.): [http://www.microsoft.com/office/xml/default.mspx Office 2003 XML Reference Schemas]
* Deprecated Microsoft XML Reference Schemas (including WordML, SpreadsheetML, etc.): [http://www.microsoft.com/office/xml/default.mspx Office 2003 XML Reference Schemas]
* [http://labs.adobe.com/wiki/index.php/Mars Adobe MARS]. code name for technology being developed by Adobe that provides an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based representation of Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. (There is win/mac PDF plugin for this right now, nov 2007).
* [[Open Packaging Conventions and Office Open XML|Office Open XML]] (also known as OOXML or Microsoft Open XML (MOX) is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft, i.e. it defines the structure of *.docx, *.xslx, etc. files. OOXML includes several languages.
* [https://labs.adobe.com/downloads/mars.html Adobe MARS] code name for technology being developed by Adobe that provides an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based representation of Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. A prototype did work with Adobe Profession 8. We did not test if if still works with Adobe Professional DC (2018).
* Microsoft RTF, an older standard that is being phased out
* Microsoft RTF, an older standard that is being phased out
* [[Adobe Framemaker]] *.MIF
* [[Adobe FrameMaker]] *.MIF


=== Binary file formats ===
=== Binary file formats ===
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* Microsoft *.doc
* Microsoft *.doc
* Framemaker *.fm
* FrameMaker *.fm
* Adobe *.PDF  ([[PDF]] rather is a display/print format, but some people do edit PDF...)


=== Specialized markup formats for the Internet ===
=== Specialized markup formats for the Internet ===
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* All sorts of computers with a monitor
* All sorts of computers with a monitor
* Mobile devices
* Mobile devices
* Refeshable electronic paper
* Refreshable electronic paper




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[[Category: XML]]
[[Category: XML]]
[[Category: Standards]]
[[Category: Document standards]]
[[Category: Writing]]
[[Category: E-book]]

Latest revision as of 10:22, 19 July 2018

Definition

Document standards can be defined in terms of:

  • Document file formats, i.e. text or binary formats for storing documents an storage media.
  • Content structure (structured authoring, usually an XML application).

Document file formats

There are a lot of these, see Wikipedia's document file format article or the full List of file formats

See also: e-book formats

Markup languages that separate content from style

These so-called structured authoring formats are somewhat human readable.

  • DocBook (XML or SGML) was originally intended for authoring technical documents but can be used for almost any kind of document.
  • DITA
  • XHTML strict (to some extent)
  • HTML5 (to some extent)
  • ePub, an e-book format
  • TEX and related languages like Latex

There exist also a number of non-formal simple markup languages, e.g.

Specialized markup languages for education

We don't consider educational modeling languages like IMS Learning Design, IMS Simple Sequencing etc. and that are based on the IMS Content Packaging "logic" to be document standards, because contents themselves are not in any way marked up. They are just assembled in menu structures.

One also could extend/specialize DITA and DocBook with educational markup. We also think that XHTML 2.0 may have potential for that kind of things.

The following is some sorts of document standard:

  • eLML - eLesson Markup Language. In Daniel K. Schneider's opinion, about the only stable educational content markup language there is. See also Stephen Downes comment. eLML is focussed on lessons, which is of course a limitation for general purpose content markup.

Markup languages for (messy) word processor markup

These markup content, style and other things together and are not really human readable.

  • OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF), started by Open Office XML Project. This standard is used by Open Office, the now more popular Libre office, Lotus Symphony and others. Microsoft word can read and write ODF format (at least somewhat).
  • Deprecated Microsoft XML Reference Schemas (including WordML, SpreadsheetML, etc.): Office 2003 XML Reference Schemas
  • Office Open XML (also known as OOXML or Microsoft Open XML (MOX) is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft, i.e. it defines the structure of *.docx, *.xslx, etc. files. OOXML includes several languages.
  • Adobe MARS code name for technology being developed by Adobe that provides an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based representation of Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. A prototype did work with Adobe Profession 8. We did not test if if still works with Adobe Professional DC (2018).
  • Microsoft RTF, an older standard that is being phased out
  • Adobe FrameMaker *.MIF

Binary file formats

Not human readable

  • Microsoft *.doc
  • FrameMaker *.fm
  • Adobe *.PDF (PDF rather is a display/print format, but some people do edit PDF...)

Specialized markup formats for the Internet

These are usually combined within other formats, e.g. XHTML. Most important formats are:

  • Display of mathematical formula: MathML
  • Vector Graphics: SVG (or the defunct Microsoft WML format)
  • Multimedia sequencing: SMIL
  • Linking: XLink (this is not supported in XHTML 2)
  • Forms: XForms
  • Voice markup: VoiceML

For now, integration of various vocabularies into main-stream web pages is not obvious. Only standards-aware browsers like Firefox can handle for instance XHTML + SVG + MathML. In addition, editing is not always easy since there are no official combined DTD's available, although a general standard for this (Compound Document by Reference Framework 1.0) is almost ready.

Hardware

  • Paper
  • All sorts of computers with a monitor
  • Mobile devices
  • Refreshable electronic paper


Links

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