Cognitivisme
10/05/19 : Cette page est en cours de construction. 13/05/19 : Copie collé du site anglais pour servir de base 19/05/19 : traduction / enrichissement
Définition
Le cognitivisme fait référence à un ensemble de théories de l'apprentissage qui sont basées sur le paradigme que le cerveau humain est un système de traitement de l'information et doit être étudié comme tel.
An information processing view of learning
According to Wilhelmsen et al. (1998): Modèle:Quotationbox
Cognitivism and some variants of constructivism adopt a rationalist stance, i.e. the idea that learning processes can be at least somewhat described in terms of general information processing principles.
Mental models
An other strand of research concerns the architecture of mental knowledge representations ( e.g. semantic networks).
Typical educational research that grew out of this is for example:
- intelligent tutoring systems
- Research on the effects of multimedia presentation and multimedia animation
Cognitivism and instructional design
“Underlying the information-processing approach is the assumption that the senses and the brain follow complex but very systematic laws and that we can facilitate learning to the extent we can determine those laws” (Alessi and Trollop, 2001:19).
Many cognitivists are also objectivists, i.e. view meaning as existing externally, that is, independent of the individual learner.
See also: Cognitive constructivism.
References
- Alessi, Stephen. M. & Trollop, Stanley. R., (2001) Multimedia for Learning (3rd Edition), Pearson Allyn & Bacon, ISBN 0-205-27691-1.
- Rocheleau, J. (2009, octobre 5). Les théories cognitivistes de l’apprentissage. Consulté le mai 19, 2019, sur Université du Québec: https://oraprdnt.uqtr.uquebec.ca/pls/public/docs/GSC332/F766183874_Approche_cognitiviste_apprentissage2009_10_05.pdf
- Sonja Wilhelmsen, Stein Inge Åsmul & Øyvind Meistad (1998), Cognitivism.