Pedagogical vocabulary

Draft

Definition

Pedagogical vocabularies refer to the languages used to describe learning designs and activities.

Sarah Currier et al. (2005) in a JISC Report, define vocabularies that may be used to describe pedagogy, particularly in the sense of the practices of teaching, which are inherently and dialogically related to the practices of learning. The rational for this sub-project was that “The e-Learning and Pedagogy strand of the JISC e-Learning Programme in particular has highlighted the fact that educational practitioners and learning technologists perceive a real and pressing need for pedagogical vocabularies.”. In particular it was pointed out, that clear vocabularies could help with:

• Application and tool development
• Personalisation of content, tools, teaching and learning environments and knowledge and resource management strategies
• Articulation, i.e. help teachers and learning technologists to reflect on their practice and discuss it in coherent terms.
• Help cross-domain communication between developers, learning technologists, educational developers, practitioners and learners.
• Be useful for resource description and discovery, e.g. learning object repositories
• Conceptual modelling of the learning design domain.

See also: educational modeling language, design pattern and educational design language. These entries partly look at the same issue under a different perspective.

Types of controlled vocabularies

“A controlled vocabulary is a vocabulary consisting of a “prescribed list of terms or headings each one having an assigned meaning.”1 The way a controlled vocabulary defines the relationships between these terms or headings will vary in degree of complexity according to the purpose of the vocabulary, from simple alphabetically arranged flat lists to ontologies with richly defined relationships.” (Currier et al., 2005:9)

Currier (2005) distinguish between the following kinds of controlled vocabularies:

Flat list

A simple flat list of terms

Glossary

An alphabetical list of terms with some explanation

Subject headings list

See subject heading. A systematic list of subject headings like the ones used for library catalogues. A subject header provides one of the access points to information.

Taxonomy

In a wide sense almost any kind of well defined list of terms

In one narrow sense, a monohierarchical classification of terms. I.e. a child term inherits in principle the properties of the parent term. E.g. controlled vocabularies are a kind of vocabularies, or XHTML is a kind of XML application.

In another narrow sense: “controlled vocabulary in which concepts are represented by preferred terms, formally organized so that paradigmatic relationships between the concepts are made explicit, and the preferred terms are accompanied by lead-in entries for synonyms or quasi-synonyms” (Willpower Information, retrieved 14:56, 27 February 2009 (UTC)). In other words, one also could define a taxonomy with non-hierarchical relationships, but we would rather call these "thesauri".

Classification scheme

A classification schemes is primarily developed for browsing, rather than as indexing or search tools. ([Pedagogical vocabularies project). We therefore could qualify it as a kind of taxonomy.

Thesaurus

A thesaurus is like a taxonomy or a classification scheme, but richer. Leonard Will defines it as “controlled vocabulary in which concepts are represented by preferred terms, formally organized so that paradigmatic relationships between the concepts are made explicit, and the preferred terms are accompanied by lead-in entries for synonyms or quasi-synonyms” (Willpower Information, retrieved 14:56, 27 February 2009 (UTC).

Joan M. Reitz provides a similar definition: “Also refers to an alphabetically arranged lexicon of terms comprising the specialized vocabulary of an academic discipline or field of study, showing the logical and semantic relations among terms, particularly a list of subject headings or descriptors used as preferred terms in indexing the literature of the field.” (T, retrieved 14:56, 27 February 2009 (UTC)).

Topic map

See topic maps, an ISO standard to organize a forest of resources. It's something in between a taxonomy and an ontology.

Ontology

In computer science, ontology refers to “a model for describing the world that consists of a set of types, properties, and relationship types. Exactly what is provided around this varies, but this is the essential of an ontology. There is also generally an expectation that there be a close resemblance between the real world and the features of the model in an ontology” (Garshol, cited by Pedagogical vocabularies project)

See ontology

Folksonomy

Folksonomies are sets of free tags assigned by users to an object. There can be some emergent organization (via statistical analysis) or at least some visualization as in tag clouds.

See Tagging

Links

• Glossary of terms relating to thesauri and other forms of structured vocabulary for information retrieval. (Good).

• Reitz, Joan M. ODLIS — Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science (Good)

Bibliography

• Currier Sarah, Lorna M. Campbell, Helen Beetham (2005). Pedagogical Vocabularies Review, JISC Pedagogical Vocabularies Project, Final Draft, 23rd December 2005 Pedagogical vocabularies project

• Falconer, Isobel, Gráinne Conole, Ann Jeffery, and Peter Douglas (2006). Learning Activity Reference Model – Pedagogy, LADIE reference model guides, The e-learning framework. word doc -archive (broken)

• Garshol, Lars Marius (2004). Metadata? Thesauri? Taxonomies? Topic Maps! Making sense of it all. Journal of Information Science, 30 (4), pp. 378-391. HTML Preprint.

• Reitz, Joan M. (2004). Dictionary for Library and Information Science, Libraries Unlimited, ISBN 1591580757.