Reeves multimedia design model

Definition

The 'Reeves Multimedia Design Model is a typical instructional systems design (ISD) model for education and training. It includes four major functions: 1) analysis, 2) design, 3) production, and 4) evaluation, i.e. a typical variant of ADDIE. Each phase implies a set specific activities performed by a set of team members and that will lead to certain products.

See also: multimedia, multimedia animation, interactive multimedia, etc.

The Model

Disclaimer: This model seems to have been published by Thomas Reeves on some now dead Georgia Tech Web Site. Since DSchneider found the model ((c) Reeves, 1994) on an other Georgia Tech site, we assume that Thomas Reeves is the author of it. However, we do not claim that this is what T. Reeves believes to be the best design method. We are not even sure that Reeves is Thomas Reeves :)

Process	Team members	Products
Analysis phase
Conducting Needs Assessment Preparing Audience Assessment Specifying Content and Objectives Selecting Authoring Systems Selecting Delivery Systems Planning Project Planning Evaluation Strategies	Project Manager Subject Matter Expert(s) Instructional Designer(s) Project Evaluator(s) Programmer(s)	Needs Assessment Report Learner Profile Content Outline Learning Hierarchy Instructional Objectives Authoring System Specs. Delivery System Specs. PERT Chart Project Timetable Evaluation Plan
Design phase
Creating Treatment Specifications Specifying Instructional Interactions Screen Design Flow charting Prototyping Writing Scripts Specifications Formatting Screens Conducting Formative Reviews	Project Manager Subject Matter Expert(s) Instructional Designer(s) Project Evaluator(s) Programmer(s) Graphic Artist(s) Video Producer(s)	Treatment Description Instructional Archetypes Flowcharts Scripts Format Sheets Interactive Multimedia (IMM) Prototypes Improvement Specifications
Production phase
Authoring Interactions Creating Graphics Preparing Adjunct Materials Conducting Preproduction Conducting Production Conducting Postproduction Mastering Optical Media Integrating Optical Media and Authoring Code	Project Manager Subject Matter Expert(s) Instructional Designer(s) Project Evaluator(s) Programmer(s) Graphic Artist(s) Video Producer(s) Video Editor(s) Talent	Interactive Code Graphics Adjunct Materials Program Documentation Shot Lists Video/Film Audio Edited Video Masters Videodisc/CD-ROM IMM Program
Evaluation phase
Documenting Project Testing IMM Validating IMM Conducting Impact Evaluation	Project Manager Subject Matter Expert(s) Instructional Designer(s) Project Evaluator(s) Programmer(s)	Project Documentation Functionally Valid IMM Instructionally Valid IMM Formative Evaluation Report Effectiveness Eval.Report Impact Evaluation Report

Critique and discussion

As presented, this model could be interpreted as a linear "waterfall" model. However, you should, before implementing it, think about important "milestones" that should lead to inspection of what has been done, what needs to be changed, etc. and include revision loops (at least at the end of each phase). DSchneider therefore thinks that this is rather a "checklist", i.e. a components model.

In DSchneider's opinion, such design methods are very well suited for lower designs that are concerned by lower learning levels.

“The objective based design tradition presumes that knowledge exists in its perfect form in the world outside the user and that each user possesses a more or less perfect understanding of that perfect form Pedagogic practises based on this view often incorporate behavioural learning theory whereby learning was viewed as primarily dependent upon the arrangement of stimuli and the reinforcement provided for various responses. Most computer based training has been designed from such a behaviourist perspective. Reeves (1992) observes that generally these instructional technologies have had disappointing results. "Although there is some evidence that these programs are effective for learning concepts and procedural knowledge, their efficacy in the development of the higher order learning required in most education and many training contexts has been limited".” (Litchfield, 1994).

On a side note, Thomas Reeves is today rather known for eclectic views, e.g. search this Wiki for "Reeves".

Links

The model presented here can be found (at least) on these web sites:

• Multimedia Design Model (Georgia Tech)
• Multimedia Design Model

• Original dead link: http://mime1.marc.gatech.edu/MM_Tools/MMDM.html

References

• Litchfield, A. (1994). Interface communication management: A user centred multimedia design model. In C. McBeath and R. Atkinson (Eds), Proceedings of the Second International Interactive Multimedia Symposium, 298-303. Perth, Western Australia, 23-28 January. Promaco Conventions. http://www.aset.org.au/confs/iims/1994/km/litchfield.html

• Reeves, T. C. (1992). Research foundations for interactive multimedia. In Promaco Conventions (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Interactive Multimedia Symposium, 177-190. Perth, Western Australia, 27-31 January. Promaco Conventions. [1]