COAP:COAP-2180/week1

Week 1 COAP 2180

Learning goals

In week one, we will look at XML in several ways:

• Where is XML used and what for ? (in many places, in may ways)
• What is XML ? (a formalism)
• What do we mean by a "document structure" ?
• How can we hand-code XML contents ? You will learn how to use an XML editor and make use of so-called DTDs (document type definitions)
• How can we add CSS to textcentric XML, so that it could be displayed in a web browser ?

Introduction to XML (Monday)

The learning environment

• World classroom (Canvas)
• This wiki
• Homework projects, exams and grading

Introduction to XML - slides

• xml-intro.ppt

Introduction to XML (wiki pages)

• XML
• XML principles
• Tour de XML

Understanding and editing XML

• xml-edit.pdf (slides that to explain how to understand DTDs and how to edit XML)
• Editing XML tutorial (wiki article, similar as above)
• XML editors, in particular Exchanger XML Editor (installed in the classroom on the N: drive, to verify)

Examples files (See also the homework section below !)

• DTD and XML templates example directory
• To retrieve these files, I strongly suggest that you "save link as". If you open a file in a navigator like IE and then save, you may loose information ....
• ALLFILES.zip archive which should include everything.

Editing XML part II and usign CSS (Wednesday)

XML with CSS style

• CSS tutorial (reminder and for catching up)
• CSS for XML tutorial
• xml-css.pdf (slides)
• There are many good CSS references, e.g. CSS at MDN, SitePoint CSS Reference.

Creating a DTD - See week 2 for details

• DTD tutorial (wiki lecture notes)
• xml-dtd.pdf (slides)

Examples files (See also the homework section below !)

• DTD and XML templates example directory
• To retrieve these files, I strongly suggest that you "save link as". If you open a file in a navigator like IE and then save, you may loose information ....
• ALLFILES.zip archive which should include everything.

Textbook chapters XML and CSS

If you judge my lecture notes and slides to be incomplete, too short or not good enough, reading either one or both series of textbook chapters is mandatory !

• XML in a Nutshell, Chapter 1 Introducing XML and Chapter 2 XML Fundamentals
• Learning XML, Chapter 2 Markup and Core Concepts

• Learning XML, Chapter 5 CSS
• XML in a Nutshell, Chapter 13 CSS

Textbook chapters to understand XML and to anticipate week 2

• XML in a Nutshell, Chapter 3 Document Type Definitions (start here)
• Learning XML, Chapter 4 Quality Control with Schemas (additional reading)

These chapters are available through the world classroom.

For the adventurous

• XML Category (All XML-related articles in this wiki)
• XML (on Wikipedia)

For the adventurous

• XML Category (All XML-related articles in this wiki)
• XML (on Wikipedia)

Homework 1 - Weeks 1/2

Deadline and submission:

• Wednesday week 2 (before start of class)
• Homework (projects) must be submitted through the worldclassroom
• Submit the *.xml, the *.dtd, the *.css and a report file (see below)

Task

Edit an XML document using one of the suggested DTDs below

• Respect the semantics of the elements and the attributes
• Validate your document
• Try to use as many different elements as you can (if appropriate)
• Follow additional directions for each suggested DTD
• Use an existing CSS if it exists, create one if it does not.

Bonus:

• Add comments in the DTD or the XML file that explain the XML structure. In addition, write a short report that discusses the DTD and the CSS.
• Styling: improve or create the CSS (if appropriate)
• Good, meaningful contents

Do not worry too much about rendering (display). It is more important that your get the XML editing right, i.e. be able to fill in a dynamic information structure with data. That being said, producing a really good looking CSS will give you a bonus of course.

In order to get a maximum score (4/4), your XML must be well-formed, valid and include meaningful data. The DTD and the CSS should documented and there should be a report.

Example files

You can choose among the DTDs available at http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/xml/examples/dtd-examples/

• Make sure to get both the *-template.xml and the corresponding *.dtd file. If available, you also should take the *.css.
• You may suggest another DTD to the instructor, but before Wed week 2.

Some of the DTDs are described in the following table.

DTD (difficulty)	Purpose	DTD file	XML start	CSS	Additional instructions
Recipe DTD (easy medium)	Write simple recipes	recipe.dtd	recipe.xml	recipe.css	Use all tags. Write at least one recipe. Make sure that there is enough information, i.e. a user ought to able to cook this. Look at this example.
CD_list (medium)	Create simple CD lists	cd-list.dtd	cd-list-template.xml	cd-list.css	Use most tags. Write at least two entries and at least one that uses most of the tags. Do better than cd-list.xml
Recipe Markup Language (hard)	Write complex recipes	recipeml.dtd	recipeml.xml	none	As above, but only use appropriate tags. Read more in the official website.
RSS 0.92 (medium)	News syndication (usually machine generated)	rss-0-92.dtd	rss-0-92-template.xml	none	Use enough tags to display this in an aggregator. Enter at least 4 URLs. Hint: look at a RSS news feed first !
Simple Docbook (hard)	Write "real" articles	sdocbook.dtd	sdocbook-template.xml	none (but see this)	Do not use all tags, only the needed ones. Copy/paste from a text you already have.
Instructions (medium)	Write "how-to" instructions	instructions.dtd	instructions.xml	instructions.css	Come up with a good "how-to problem". Only use tags you need..
StepbyStep (medium hard)	Write "how-to" instructions	stepbystep03.dtd	stepbystep03-template.xml	stepbystep03.css	Make up a good "how-to problem". Only use tags you need..
Story grammar (medium)	Write simple fairy tales	story-grammar.dtd	story-grammar-template.xml	story-grammar.css	Write a nice fairy tale. Doesn’t need to be your own. Make sure to use the right tags, i.e. think in terms of structure. A very short example is here.

Tips for getting a good grade

Evaluation criteria (roughly). See the detailed grid in the world classroom.

Work considered as weak:

• Well-formed (but not valid) document using the DTD’s elements

Work considered as minimalistic:

• Valid document that includes very minimal content. No report.

Good work includes:

• Valid document with an interesting content
• Some CSS

Excellent work (A-) includes:

• Inserted useful comments <!-- ... --> in the XML and/or the DTD or a minimalistic report
• Respect of the DTD's semantics
• Good contents
• Good enough CSS for easy reading

Very good work (A) includes either one of:

• A 1-2 page report that discusses the architecture of the DTD and your opinion of it, e.g. you can describe architecture of the DTD (without going into detailed description of every element !), discuss what you would like to improve, what you liked/disliked, your difficulties, etc. You simply can include this report into the DTD that you resubmit or as word/PDF/HTML file. As you like, presentation of the report doesn't matter.
• Outstanding styling + extended contents

Brilliant work (A+) includes all of the above.

Report structure and contents

• Read this