Reeves multimedia design model

Definition

The 'Reeves Multimedia Design Model is a typical instructional systems design (ISD) model for education and training. It includes four major functions: 1) analysis, 2) design, 3) production, and 4) evaluation, i.e. a typical variant of ADDIE. Each function is divided into a set of specific activities.

The Model

Disclaimer: This model seems to have been published by Thomas Reeves some now dead Georgia Tech Web Site. Since DSchneider found the model ((c) Reeves, 1994) on an other Georgia Tech site, we assume that Thomas Reeves is the author of it. However, we do not claim that this is what T. Reeves believes to be the best design method. We are not even sure that Reeves is Thomas Reeves :)

Process	Team	Product
Analysis phase
Conducting NeedsAssessment	Project Manager	Needs Assessment Report
Preparing AudienceAssessment	Subject MatterExpert(s)	Learner Profile
Specifying Content andObjectives	InstructionalDesigner(s)	Content Outline
Selecting AuthoringSystems	Project Evaluator(s)	Learning Hierarchy
Selecting DeliverySystems	Programmer(s)	InstructionalObjectives
Planning Project		Authoring System Specs.
Planning EvaluationStrategies		Delivery System Specs.
		PERT Chart
		Project Timetable
		Evaluation Plan
Design phase
Creating TreatmentSpecifications	Project Manager	Treatment Description
SpecifyingInstructional Interactions	Subject MatterExpert(s)	InstructionalArchetypes
Screen Design	InstructionalDesigner(s)	Flowcharts
Flowcharting	Project Evaluator(s)	Scripts
Prototyping	Programmer(s)	Format Sheets
Writing ScriptsSpecifications	Graphic Artist(s)	IMM Prototypes
Formatting Screens	Video Producer(s)	ImprovementSpecifications
Conducting FormativeReviews
Production phase
Authoring Interactions	Project Manager	Interactive Code
Creating Graphics	Subject MatterExpert(s)	Graphics
Preparing AdjunctMaterials	InstructionalDesigner(s)	Adjunct Materials
ConductingPreproduction	Project Evaluator(s)	Program Documentation
Conducting Production	Programmer(s)	Shot Lists
ConductingPostproduction	Graphic Artist(s)	Video/Film
Mastering Optical Media	Video Producer(s)	Audio
Integrating OpticalMedia & Code	Video Editor(s)	Edited Video Masters
	Talent	Videodisc/CD-ROM
		IMM Program
Evaluation phase
Documenting Project	Project Manager	Project Documentation
Testing IMM	Subject MatterExpert(s)	Functionally Valid IMM
Validating IMM	InstructionalDesigner(s)	Instructionally ValidIMM
Conducting ImpactEvaluation	Project Evaluator(s)	Formative EvaluationReport
	Programmer(s)	Effectiveness Eval.Report
		Impact EvaluationReport

Critique and discussion

As presented, this model is a linear "waterfall" model. However, you should, before implementing it, think about important "milestones" that should lead to inspection of what has to been done, what needs to changed, etc. and include revision loops (at least at the end of each phase).

In DSchneider's opinion, such design methods are very well suited for lower designs that are concerned by lower learning levels.

“The objective based design tradition presumes that knowledge exists in its perfect form in the world outside the user and that each user possesses a more or less perfect understanding of that perfect form Pedagogic practises based on this view often incorporate behavioural learning theory whereby learning was viewed as primarily dependent upon the arrangement of stimuli and the reinforcement provided for various responses. Most computer based training has been designed from such a behaviourist perspective. Reeves (1992) observes that generally these instructional technologies have had disappointing results. "Although there is some evidence that these programs are effective for learning concepts and procedural knowledge, their efficacy in the development of the higher order learning required in most education and many training contexts has been limited".” (Litchfield, 1994).

On a side note, Reeves is today rather known for eclectic views, e.g. see the pedagogic strategy article.

Links

The model presented here can be found (at least) on these web sites:

• Multimedia Design Model (Georgia Tech)
• Multimedia Design Model

• Original dead link: http://mime1.marc.gatech.edu/MM_Tools/MMDM.html

References

Litchfield, A. (1994). Interface communication management: A user centred multimedia design model. In C. McBeath and R. Atkinson (Eds), Proceedings of the Second International Interactive Multimedia Symposium, 298-303. Perth, Western Australia, 23-28 January. Promaco Conventions. http://www.aset.org.au/confs/iims/1994/km/litchfield.html

Reeves, T. C. (1992). Research foundations for interactive multimedia. In Promaco Conventions (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Interactive Multimedia Symposium, 177-190. Perth, Western Australia, 27-31 January. Promaco Conventions. [1]