ARCS

Draft

Definition

ARCS is an instructional design model that focuses on motivation

ARCS = Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction

See also: Flow theory

Methods

The Instructional Material Motivational Survey (IMMS) (Keller, 1993) contains is a 36 Likert-scale statements. Each statement measures an individual ARCS component.

Huang et al. (2006), published a modified version, which they claim to be more appropriate for studies in higher education. Here is sample of 4 items:

• When I first looked at (M-Tutor), I had the impression that it would be easy for me. (confidence)

• There was something interesting at the beginning of (M-Tutor) that got my attention. (attention)

• Completing the exercises in (M-Tutor) gave me a satisfying feeling of accomplishment. (satisfaction)

• It is clear to me how the content of (M-Tutor) is related to things I already know. (relevance)

Links

• [http://chd.gse.gmu.edu/immersion/knowledgebase/strategies/cognitivism/keller_ARCS.htm Attribution Theory and Keller�$-1��s ARCS Model of Motivation] by Jerry T. Fern�-A�ndez, George Mason University.

• Motivating Distance Learning Students Using the ARCS Method, a Netnet page

References

• Chang, M. & Lehman, J. D. (2002). Learning foreign language through an interactive multimedia program: an experimental study on the effects of the relevance component of the ARCS model. CALICO Journal, 20, 81-98.

• ChanMin Kim and John M. Keller. Effects of motivational and volitional email messages (MVEM) with personal messages on undergraduate students�$(B!G�(B motivation, study habits and achievement. British Journal of Educational Technology DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00701.x

• Driscoll, M. P. (2000). Introduction to theories of learning and instruction (2nd ed.). In M.P. Driscoll (Ed.), Psychology of learning for instruction (pp. 3-28). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

• Fritz, Constance (1997), Motivation To Learn, University of Saskatchewan, Term paper, HTML, retrieved 22:39, 14 August 2007 (MEST).

• Huang, Wenhao; Huang, Wenyeh; Diefes-Dux, Heidi; Imbrie, Peter K. (2006). A Preliminary Validation of Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction Model-Based Instructional Material Motivational Survey in a Computer-Based Tutorial Setting, British Journal of Educational Technology, v37 n2 p243-259 Mar 2006.

• Keller, J. M. (1983). Motivational design of instruction. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: an overview of their current status (pp. 386-434). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

• Keller, J. and T. Kopp, An Application of the ARCS Model of Motivational Design, in C. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional Design Theories and Models, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, pp. 289-320, 1987.

• Keller, J. M. (1987a). Strategies for stimulating the motivation to learn. Performance and Instruction, 26, 1-7.

• Keller, J. M. (1987b). The systematic process of motivational design. Performance and Instruction, 26, 9/10, 1-8.

• Keller, J. M. (1993). Motivation by design. Unpublished manuscript, Florida State University, Florida.