Backwards design: Difference between revisions

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== Definition ==
== Definition ==


* '''Backwards design''' is an [[instructional design method]] invented by Wiggins and McTighe and is part of their larger ''Understanding by Design'' framework.
* '''Backwards design''' (or backward design) later renamed to '''Understanding by Design®''' is an [[instructional design method]] invented by Wiggins and McTighe and is part of their larger ''Understanding by Design'' framework.


*  {{quotation | Backward design begins with the end in mind: What enduring understandings do I want my students to develop?}} ([http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/BackwardDesign/Overview.htm]). It is particularly suited for teacher designers who think in terms of what they wish to achieve.
*  {{quotation | Backward design begins with the end in mind: What enduring understandings do I want my students to develop?}} ([http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/BackwardDesign/Overview.htm]). It is particularly suited for teacher designers who think in terms of what they wish to achieve.
More precisely, the understanding by design framework means: 1) focus on teaching and assessing for understanding and learning transfer, and 2) design curriculum “backward” from those ends. [http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/siteASCD/publications/UbD_WhitePaper0312.pdf Understanding by Design Framework], retrieved March 2018)


== The model ==
== The model ==
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#* definition of materials
#* definition of materials
#* definition of learning /teaching activities (scenarios).
#* definition of learning /teaching activities (scenarios).
Wiggins and McTighe insist a lot on enduring understandings and that go beyond simple facts and skills to include larger concepts, principles or processes.


== Variants ==
== Variants ==
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== Links ==
== Links ==


* [http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/siteASCD/publications/UbD_WhitePaper0312.pdf Understanding by Design Framework] (Whitepaper, retrieved March 2018).
* [http://pixel.fhda.edu/id/six_facets.html Developing Goals and Objectives]
* [http://pixel.fhda.edu/id/six_facets.html Developing Goals and Objectives]
* [http://www.ubdexchange.org/ Understanding by Design Exchange]. This is the Website sponsored by Grant Wiggins & Jay McTighe. Includes resources.
* [http://www.ubdexchange.org/ Understanding by Design Exchange]. This is the Website sponsored by Grant Wiggins & Jay McTighe. Includes resources.
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* [http://www.ltag.education.tas.gov.au/Planning/models/princbackdesign.htm Principles of Backward Design]
* [http://www.ltag.education.tas.gov.au/Planning/models/princbackdesign.htm Principles of Backward Design]
* [http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/BackwardDesign/Overview.htm Backward Design] (Overview & FAQ at B. Ladwig and K Pagano-Fuller's English Language Arts Site.)
* [http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/BackwardDesign/Overview.htm Backward Design] (Overview & FAQ at B. Ladwig and K Pagano-Fuller's English Language Arts Site.)
* [http://digitalliteracy.mwg.org/curriculum/process.html Backward design process] at DigitalLiteracy (incluce a nice 1-page summary in [http://digitalliteracy.mwg.org/documents/process.pdf PDF].
* [http://digitalliteracy.mwg.org/curriculum/process.html Backward design process] at DigitalLiteracy (include a nice 1-page summary in [http://digitalliteracy.mwg.org/documents/process.pdf PDF].
* [http://www.ltag.education.tas.gov.au/Planning/models/princbackdesign.htm Principles of Backward Design] (Short overview and some pointers).
* [http://www.ltag.education.tas.gov.au/Planning/models/princbackdesign.htm Principles of Backward Design] (Short overview and some pointers).
* Janice Christy (2004), [http://www.glencoe.com/sec/teachingtoday/educationupclose.phtml/49 Teaching for Understanding] (This short article gives and overview of the larger context "learning by design").


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Instructional design models]]
[[Category:Instructional design models]]
[[Category:Design methodologies]]
[[Category:Design methodologies]]
[[Category:Instructional design methods]]

Latest revision as of 16:31, 16 March 2018

Definition

  • Backwards design (or backward design) later renamed to Understanding by Design® is an instructional design method invented by Wiggins and McTighe and is part of their larger Understanding by Design framework.
  • “Backward design begins with the end in mind: What enduring understandings do I want my students to develop?” ([1]). It is particularly suited for teacher designers who think in terms of what they wish to achieve.

More precisely, the understanding by design framework means: 1) focus on teaching and assessing for understanding and learning transfer, and 2) design curriculum “backward” from those ends. Understanding by Design Framework, retrieved March 2018)

The model

The model has 3 stages:

  1. Identify desired results (learning outcomes)
    • “What should students know, understand, and be able to do? What is worthy of understanding? What enduring understandings are desired?” ([2])
  2. Determine Acceptable Evidence (means to assess if learners have learnt)
    • “How will we know if students have achieved the desired results and met the standards? What will we accept as evidence of student understanding and proficiency?”([3])
  3. Plan learning experiences and instruction. This includes:
    • definition of knowledge (know-that), skills and procedures (know-how) students ought to master
    • definition of materials
    • definition of learning /teaching activities (scenarios).

Wiggins and McTighe insist a lot on enduring understandings and that go beyond simple facts and skills to include larger concepts, principles or processes.

Variants

There exist other variants, e.g. below is a set of steps adapted to specific schoolteachers in a specific environment (see Backward Design Overview & FAQ:

  1. Decide on the themes, enduring understandings and essential questions for the unit.
  2. Design a summative for the end of the unit.
  3. Align the unit with the New York State ELA Standards and choose outcomes, strategies and best practices to teach them.
  4. Choose resources to create a rich and engaging multi-genre thematically-linked unit.
  5. Weave back and forth across the curriculum map to make revisions and refinements.

Links

References

  • Wiggins,G., McTighe, J. (2006) Are the Best Curricular Designs "Backward"?
  • Wiggins,G., McTighe, J. (2001). Understanding by Design, Prentice Hall. ISBN 013093058X
  • Wiggins,G. & Jay McTighe: (2004). Understanding by Design Professional Development Workbook, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD), Alexandria, VA.