Nine events of instruction
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Definition
"Nine events of instruction" is an instructional design model put together by Gagne. This is a behaviorist model, but it also draws from cognitivism.
The nine events of instruction
Gagne's 9 steps of instruction for learning:
- Gain attention:
- e.g. present a good problem, a new situation, use a multimedia advertisement, ask questions.
- This helps to ground the lesson, and to motivate
- Describe the goal:
- e.g. state what students will be able to accomplish and how they will be able to use the knowledge, give a demonstration if appropriate.
- Allows students to frame information, i.e. treat it better.
- Stimulate recall of prior knowledge
- e.g. remind the student of prior knowledge relevant to the current lesson (facts, rules, procedures or skills). Show how knowledge is connected, provide the student with a framework that helps learning and remembering. Tests can be included.
- Present the material to be learned
- e.g. text, graphics, simulations, figures, pictures, sound, etc. Chunk information (avoid memory overload, recall information).
- Provide guidance for learning
- e.g. presentation of content is different from instructions on how to learn. Use of different channel (e.g. side-boxes)
- Elicit performance "practice"
- let the learner do something with the newly acquired behavior, practice skills or apply knowledge. At least use MCQ's.
- Provide informative feedback ,
- show correctness of the trainee's response, analyze learner's behavior, maybe present a good (step-by-step) solution of the problem
- Assess performance test, if the lesson has been learned. Also give sometimes general progress information
- Enhance retention and transfer :
- e.g. inform the learner about similar problem situations, provide additional practice. Put the learner in a transfer situation. Maybe let the learner review the lesson.
Links
- http://www.my-ecoach.com/idtimeline/theory/gagne.html
- http://www.patsula.com/usefo/webbasedlearning/tutorial1/learning_theories_full_version.html
References
- Aronson, Dennis T., & Leslie J.Briggs, (1983). "Contributions of Gagn� and Briggs to a Prescriptive Model of Instruction", in Reigeluth, C.M. (1983) (e.d). Instructional Design Theories and Models: An Overview of their Current Status. Hillsdale, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Gagne, Robert M., Briggs, Leslie, J., Wager, Walter, F. (1985). Principles of Instructional Design, Wadsworth, ISBN 0030347572