Pedagogic strategy

DSchneider 21:58, 2 May 2006 (MEST) is unhappy about this concept. Maybe we should factor out pedagogic methods and just clarify the difference between instructional design models, pedagogical theory and strategies ...

Definition

Pedagogic Strategies can be defined at 3 levels:

1. General instructional designs
2. Designs applied to a teaching/learning unit (e.g. a lesson or a course module)
3. Pedagogic methods that are part of a wider design and that we discuss elsewhere.

Effective course designs (or teachers) use a whole array of different teaching strategies or methods.

According to Dick et al. (2001) “instructional strategy is used generally to cover the various aspects of sequencing and organizing the content, specifying learning activities, and deciding how to deliver the content and activities’ (p. 184).”

Major Schools of Instructional Designs

this section remains to be written, below is just a little "stub"

Instructional design draws a lot from general pedagogical theory.

There are some major schools of thought (some more operational than others) that we describe in the following articles.

• Constructionism
• Constructivism
• Inquiry-based learning
• Objectivism
• Problem-based learning
• Project-based learning
• Situated learning
• Socio-constructivism

Note, that these concepts also may represent learning theories. There is an overlap between theories that explain how people learn and how one could bring people to learn. This is particularly true regarding larger families of thought like constructivism.

Typologies of pedagogic methods

An instructional design usually makes use of several kinds of pedagogic methods which are combined into some coherent story-board (pedagogical scenario).

There exist several kinds of attemps to create typologies. Some are easier to undestand than others.

Khan's (2000) list of methods and strategies focusses on 20 major "natural types" that he develops under the header "pedagogical" in his eight-components framework for e-leanirng:

1. Presentation
2. Exhibits
3. Demonstration
4. Drill and Practice
5. Tutorials
6. Games
7. Story Telling
8. Simulations
9. Role-playing
10. Discussion
11. Interaction
12. Modeling
13. Facilitation
14. Collaboration
15. Debate
16. Field Trips
17. Apprenticeship
18. Case Studies
19. Generative Development
20. Motivation

Here we have a typology from a seminar on teaching methods in public management.

1. Les méthodes basées sur l'exposé
   1. L'exposé magistral
   2. Le co-enseignement
   3. Le recours à un conférencier invité
   4. Le panel
   5. Les exposés des participants
2. Les méthodes basée sur la discussion
   1. Les techniques questions-réponses
   2. La discussion en grand groupe
   3. La discussion en petit groupe
   4. L'étude de cas (à venir)
   5. Les débats
   6. Les rencontres individuelles
3. Les méthodes basées sur les documents écrits
   1. Les lectures complémentaires
   2. Le manuel de formation
   3. L'enseignement programmé
4. Les méthodes basées sur la mise en pratique et la rétroaction
   1. La prise de notes
   2. Les questions complémentaires
   3. Les exercices
   4. Les démonstrations
   5. Les jeux de rôle
   6. Les simulations
   7. Les techniques d'enquête et d'auto-diagnostic
   8. Les tests
   9. Les visites
5. Les méthodes basées sur le modelage du comportement
   1. Le coaching et le mentorat
   2. Le stage d'apprentissage
   3. Le recours à la rotation (job rotation)
   4. L'auto-apprentissage
   5. Le service conseil
6. Les méthodes basées sur l'utilisation des technologies
   1. Les cassettes audio
   2. Les cassettes vidéo
   3. Le recours à l'ordinateur
   4. La télé-conférence
   5. Les disques optiques

References

• Chamberland, G., L. Lavoie et D. Marquis (1995). 20 formules pédagogiques, Sainte-Foy: Presses universitaires du Québec.

• Kahn, Badrul H. A Framework for Web-Based Learning, in Khan, B.H. (ed) Web-Based Training ISBN 0-87778-303-9

• Séminaire sur les méthodes d'enseignement (1999) La didactique internationale en management public [1]

• Joyce, B., Weil, M., Calhoun, E. : Models of teaching, 6th edition, Allyn & Bacon, 2000. ISBN 0205389279

• Reeves, T.C., Reeves, P.M., Effective Dimensions of Interactive Learning on the World Wide Web, in Web-Based Instruction, Englewood Cliffs N.J. : Educational Technology Publications, 1998

• Van Wart, Montgomery, N. Joseph Cayer, et Steeve Cook; Handbook of Training and Developement for the Public Sector; San Francisco, CA; Jossey-Bass; 1993

(need some more),,