Digital elevation model: Difference between revisions

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{{quotation|A '''digital elevation model''' (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. It is also widely known as a '''digital terrain model(DTM)'''. A DEM can be represented as a raster (a grid of squares) or as a triangular irregular network.}} ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_terrain_model Wikipedia], retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC)).
A '''digital surface model''' (DSM) on the other hand includes buildings, vegetation, and roads, as well as natural terrain features. The DEM provides a so-called bare-earth model, devoid of landscape features. While a DSM may be useful for landscape modeling, city modeling and visualization applications, a DEM is often required for flood or drainage modeling, land-use studies, geological applications, and much more. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_terrain_model Wikipedia], retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC)).
== File Formats ==
Both ditial elevation and surface models can either be represented as raster or vector graphics.
* Raster data can present either just images (as in any image format like *.jpg*) or include specific data about a cell.
* Vector data either can be points (locations), lines or polylines (e.g. for topographics lines or roads), or polygons.
{{quotation|Additional non-spatial data can also be stored along with the spatial data represented by the coordinates of a vector geometry or the position of a raster cell. In vector data, the additional data contains attributes of the feature. For example, a forest inventory polygon may also have an identifier value and information about tree species. In raster data the cell value can store attribute information, but it can also be used as an identifier that can relate to records in another table.}} ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Wikipedia], retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC)).
; Digital elevation models
{{quotation| The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USGS_DEM USGS DEM] standard is a geospatial file format developed by the United States Geological Survey for storing a raster-based digital elevation model. It is an open standard, and is used throughout the world. It has been superseded by the USGS's own SDTS format but the format remains popular due to large numbers of legacy files, self-containment, relatively simple field structure and broad, mature software support.}} (Wikipedia, retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC))
{{quotation| The [http://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/sdts/ The Spatial Data Transfer Standard] (SDTS) is a robust way of transferring earth-referenced spatial data between dissimilar computer systems with the potential for no information loss. It is a transfer standard that embraces the philosophy of self-contained transfers, i.e. spatial data, attribute, georeferencing, data quality report, data dictionary, and other supporting metadata all included in the transfer.}} ([http://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/sdts/ USGS], retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC))
{{quotation|DTED (or Digital Terrain Elevation Data) is a standard of digital datasets which consists of a matrix of terrain elevation values. This standard was originally developed in the 1970s to support aircraft radar simulation and prediction.}} ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTED DTED] (Wikipedia, retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC))
== Terrain maps ==
; Indexes
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTOPO30 GTOPO30]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Spaceborne_Thermal_Emission_and_Reflection_Radiometer Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer]
== Links ==
=== Overviews ===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_terrain_model Digital terrain model] (Wikipedia)
=== Visualization and GIS ===
(these are related subjects)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geovisualization Geovisualization] (Wikipedia)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic information system] (GIS).
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_science Geographic information science]
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoinformatics Geoinformatics]
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoComputation GeoComputation]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Map_Server Web map server]
=== Overviews and indexes of File formats ===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS_file_formats GIS file formats] (Wikipedia)
* [http://data.geocomm.com/helpdesk/formats.html GISDataDepot - GIS Data Formats]
* [http://data.geocomm.com/sdts/ Everything You Want To Know About SDTS!] (Geo community)
=== Actors ===
* [http://www.opengeospatial.org/ Open Geospatial Consortium]
** [http://schemas.opengis.net/ OpenGis.net] repository of schemas and formats, etc.
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium Open Geospatial Consortium] (Wikipedia)
* [http://www.isotc211.org/ ISO/TC 211]  Geographic information/Geomatics
=== Online maps to look at ===
(some can show relief).
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_map_services Web Map Services]
* [http://www.maps-for-free.com Maps-For-Free.com]. Allows to display various Layers on either satellite, terrain, relief or OSM view. Allows to take a picture (jpg).
=== To sort out ===
* [http://www.emrl.byu.edu/gsda Geo-Spatial Data Acquisition Homepage]
* [http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/gtopo30/gtopo30.html GTOPO30 Homepage]
* [ftp://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/data/gtopo30/global/ GTOPO30 FTP Server]
* [http://srtm.usgs.gov/ SRTM Homepage]
* [http://topex.ucsd.edu/WWW_html/srtm30_plus.html SRTM30 Plus Homepage]
* [http://www.terrainmap.com/ Terrainmap Homepage]
* [http://www.vterrain.org/Elevation/index.html More information about available DEM data]
* [http://www.spotimage.fr/web/en/807-spot-3d.php More information about DEM by Spot Image]
* http://emrl.byu.edu/gsda/data_dem_obtain.html
* http://www.webgis.com/srtm30.html
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_World_Wind NASA World Wind]
=== Printing with a RepRap printer ===
(e.g. a [[RapMan]])
* [http://www.bitsfrombytes.com/wiki/index.php?title=Geography_-_3D_Terrain Geography - 3D Terrain] crosscurricular projects by David White


[[Category:3D]]
[[Category:3D]]
[[Category:RapMan]]
[[Category:RapMan]]
[[Category:Cartography]]

Revision as of 16:52, 12 May 2010

Draft

“A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. It is also widely known as a digital terrain model(DTM). A DEM can be represented as a raster (a grid of squares) or as a triangular irregular network.” (Wikipedia, retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC)).

A digital surface model (DSM) on the other hand includes buildings, vegetation, and roads, as well as natural terrain features. The DEM provides a so-called bare-earth model, devoid of landscape features. While a DSM may be useful for landscape modeling, city modeling and visualization applications, a DEM is often required for flood or drainage modeling, land-use studies, geological applications, and much more. (Wikipedia, retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC)).

File Formats

Both ditial elevation and surface models can either be represented as raster or vector graphics.

  • Raster data can present either just images (as in any image format like *.jpg*) or include specific data about a cell.
  • Vector data either can be points (locations), lines or polylines (e.g. for topographics lines or roads), or polygons.

“Additional non-spatial data can also be stored along with the spatial data represented by the coordinates of a vector geometry or the position of a raster cell. In vector data, the additional data contains attributes of the feature. For example, a forest inventory polygon may also have an identifier value and information about tree species. In raster data the cell value can store attribute information, but it can also be used as an identifier that can relate to records in another table.” (Wikipedia, retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC)).

Digital elevation models

“The USGS DEM standard is a geospatial file format developed by the United States Geological Survey for storing a raster-based digital elevation model. It is an open standard, and is used throughout the world. It has been superseded by the USGS's own SDTS format but the format remains popular due to large numbers of legacy files, self-containment, relatively simple field structure and broad, mature software support.” (Wikipedia, retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC))

“The The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) is a robust way of transferring earth-referenced spatial data between dissimilar computer systems with the potential for no information loss. It is a transfer standard that embraces the philosophy of self-contained transfers, i.e. spatial data, attribute, georeferencing, data quality report, data dictionary, and other supporting metadata all included in the transfer.” (USGS, retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC))

“DTED (or Digital Terrain Elevation Data) is a standard of digital datasets which consists of a matrix of terrain elevation values. This standard was originally developed in the 1970s to support aircraft radar simulation and prediction.” (DTED (Wikipedia, retrieved 15:52, 12 May 2010 (UTC))

Terrain maps

Indexes

Links

Overviews

Visualization and GIS

(these are related subjects)

Overviews and indexes of File formats

Actors

Online maps to look at

(some can show relief).


To sort out

Printing with a RepRap printer

(e.g. a RapMan)

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