Android operating system: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==


{{quotation|Android is Google's operating system for mobile devices based on ARM architecture. It is a competitor to the Symbian platform, Apple's iOS for the iPhone and Microsoft's Windows Mobile and Windows Phone for mobile devices all based on ARM architecture. Technologically, Android includes middleware and key applications, and uses a modified version of the Linux kernel}} ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29 Wikipedia]).
{{quotation|Android is Google's operating system for mobile devices based on ARM architecture. It is a competitor to the Symbian platform, Apple's iOS for the iPhone and Microsoft's Windows Mobile and Windows Phone for mobile devices all based on ARM architecture. Technologically, Android includes middleware and key applications, and uses a modified version of the Linux kernel}} ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29 Wikipedia]).
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== (Some) technical information ==
== (Some) technical information ==


tip: Upgrade the OS whenever a new version is available for your phone
Tip: Upgrade the OS whenever a new version is available for your phone


Version 2.1 includes
Version 2.1 includes:
 
* WIFI and WiMaX support
* WIFI support
* Be able to turn data download off when roaming, vendors typically only offer free data download schemes for the resident country :(
* Be able to turn data download off when roaming, vendors typically only offer free data download schemes for the resident country :(
* USB PC connectivity
* USB PC connectivity
Line 29: Line 29:


Version 2.2 (not available on many phones as of June 2009) will include several improvements, e.g. Flash 10.1
Version 2.2 (not available on many phones as of June 2009) will include several improvements, e.g. Flash 10.1
=== Security ===
* Carefully read the list of authorizations an application requires (capabilities) before you download from the market. '''Most applications should not need make phone calls nor send SMSs and consult your contact list. Many should not be authorized to download/upload data.
* Only download software that is rated and includes comments. Additionally, check the developers web site and try to find reviews from web sites that seem to be serious.
* To see the permission given to an application '''after installation''', go to the market, press menu, downloads, then select the application, press menu again, then press security.
Read for example [http://androidforums.com/android-applications/36936-how-safe-find-trusted-apps-avoid-viruses-guide-those-new-android.html How to be safe, find trusted apps, & avoid viruses - A guide for those new to Android]. This forum article has a long list of issues you should be familiar with.
=== Rooting ===
Rooting refers to gaining full control over your phone. Before you do this, carefully read several tutorials and evaluate benefits and risks ...
* Read e.g. [http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/how_to_hack_your_android_phone.php How to Hack Your Android Phone (and Why You Should Bother)], by Sarah Perez, ReadWriteWeb.
=== WIFI vs. phone network ===
In most cases, it is better to use WIFI for applications (no cost).
Most WIFI networks are protected. In that case, you either must enter the typical parameters (like a long key) ''or'' launch the web browser and fill in information there ...


== Applications ==
== Applications ==


Android does have a central applications store like the iPhone, i.e. the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Market Android Market], but you may install anything you like by your own.
Android does have a central applications store like the iPhone, i.e. the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Market Android Market], but you may install anything you like by your own.
There are


=== Useful must-have applications ===
To promote Android, Google initiated the [http://code.google.com/android/adc/adc_gallery/ Android Developer Challenge]


=== The Android Market ===


An Android mobile includes an Android client. It has some deficiencies:
* The category system isn't good enough (about 18 categories)
* Search doesn't offer completion
* you only can see comments from "your" market region
* It's a pain to enter credit card information with google checkout. If you get it wrong, then the download may hang forever (weeks or more) and there is no way to cancel/restart anything. There ought to be some paypal-like facility.


The [http://www.android.com/ official web site] is also fairly useless for finding and evaluating software, e.g. user comments are not included and there is no search facility. Therefore I suggest going through other web sites, see links below. Also give a try to [http://www.appbrain.com/ AppBrain].
=== Installing (non market) *.apk applications ===
Android applications can be be distributed as '''*.apk''' file.
Automatic:
* Download the *.apk with the built-in webbrowser, then click on it to install (you may have to change permissions on the phone).
Manual install:
(1) Download an applications installer application from the Android market.
* I.e. search for '''apps installer''' or '''installer'''
(2) Typically, you will have to copy the *.apk to the root directory of the SDCard (other installers may scan the whole drive)
* if you don't know how to, you could remove the SD card from the pone copy the file and put it back).
(3) Then open the Apps installer, select the apps name, ....
=== Useful applications ===
(not complete at all, does not include standard stuff like default browser, e-mail client, MP3 manager, etc.)
==== Phone and systems management ====
Below is a list of some kinds of programs ...
Task/process managers/killers
: There exist several, but you also can just have faith in the Android OS for managing resources ...
: Advanced Task Manager (AndroLib)
: TaskPanel
: Advanced Task Killer
; Application installers (several, none really tested)
: Apps installer
: [http://www.appbrain.com/ AppBrain] App Market let's you browse (and also buy) applications through the web. You then can download on your cellphone. Easier for exploring applications (via PC) and managing installed apps (via the phone application)
; Monitoring
: SeePU
; Benchmarking
: Quadrant Standard
==== Office, Writing, etc. ====
; Astrid - Todo list manager
: [http://weloveastrid.com/ home page]
; Share Your Board
: capturing, processing and sharing whiteboard data
: works under good lightning conditions
==== Maps and GPS ====
; Google Earth
: Needs a good GPU (works great on a Samsung Galaxy or better)
: Will cache maps (browse the location before you leave your country or find a WIFI spot...)
; Alpine Quest
: Both a light and a full version (Euros 2.88)
: Can cache maps and manage GPS trails
: The full version is worth having
; Maverick
: GPS and location sharing tool
; Trip Journal
: (not tested)
; Google Sky Map
: not tested
; Celeste
: Identify stuff in the sky by pointing the camera
==== Readers ====
; FBReader
: Free e-pub reader (best Linux program)
: tested, works fine.
; PDF reader (from Adobe)
==== Finding information about ====
(old style and/or using camera or voice input)
; WikiMobile Encyclopedia
: Based on wikipedia, reduces download (network data) a lot
; Shazam
: Identify tunes
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shazam_(service) Shazam (service)] (Wikipedia)
==== Edutainment ====
; Word Puzzle
: Edutainment
; SongDNA
: The light version is ok
; Solo
: Pocket guitar (play and chord diagrams for most important chords)
: The light version is ok, the pro version does more
; Rhythm Guitar
: Pocket guitar


== In education ==
== In education ==


We didn't find any interesting application that targets the education market (but didn't do any exhaustive search)
We didn't find any interesting application that targets the education market and that do not fall in the category '''edutainment''', '''reference''' and '''quizzing''' (but we didn't do any exhaustive search). See for example [http://101bestandroidapps.com/category/education/ 101 Best Android Apps in Education]


However:
However:
* There are many games that are somewhat educational
* There are many games that are somewhat educational (so-called edutainment)
* Many applications (e.g. google earth, office programs, communication programes, interfaces to popular webservices) that can be used in educational scenarios).
* Many applications (e.g. google earth, office programs, communication programs, interfaces to popular webservices and reference) that can be used in educational scenarios). Kathy Schrock created a [http://kathyschrock.net/androidblooms/ typology of Android applications] that target the various levels of Bloom's Revised Taxonomy.
 
== Links ==
 
=== Official ===
 
* [http://www.android.com/ android.com]
 
=== Android OS and hardware ===
 
; Android OS overviews
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system) Android (operating system)] (Wikipedia)
 
; Hardware
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones Comparison of smartphones] (Wikipedia)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Android_devices List of Android devices] (Wikipedia)
 
=== Development ===
 
; With App Inventor
* [http://appinventor.googlelabs.com/about/ App Inventor for Android], a visual "programming" editor (no programming required), new July 2010
* [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/app-inventor-for-android.html App Inventor for Android] (very short overview)
* [http://www.appinventor.org/ App Inventor for Android]. David Wolber's website (include FAQ, tutorials, course syllabi, etc.).
 
; With the SDK
* [http://developer.android.com/ Android developers] (official google side)
 
=== Indexes of applications ===
(there are dozens of such .... the ones below were '''randomly chosen''')
 
; General
* [http://101bestandroidapps.com/ Best Android Apps]
* [http://www.pcmag.com/category2/0,2806,2341003,00.asp Android apps] and [http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2356307,00.asp Top 20 Free Google Android Apps] (PC Magazine)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Open_Source_Android_Applications List of Open Source Android Applications] (Wikipedia, not very complete nor up-to-date as of July 2010)
* [http://code.google.com/android/adc/gallery_winners.html Google ADC winners] ([http://code.google.com/android/ Google Projects for Android])
* [http://www.honeytechblog.com/30-free-google-android-applications/ 30 Free Google Android Applications] (honeytechblog)
* [http://www.pocketpicks.co.uk/index.php/category/app-review/android-app-review/ Pocket Picks (Android) UK.]
* [http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/20-best-free-android-apps-687252 30 best free Android apps] and [http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/top-70-best-android-apps-693696 Top 70 best Android apps] (Techradar.com, June  2010)
 
; Specialized
* [http://101bestandroidapps.com/category/education/16 Best Android Apps in Education]
* [http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Android OpenStreetMap clients] (openstreetmap wiki).
* [http://bytesizebio.net/index.php/2010/05/27/android-apps-for-scientists/ Android apps for scientists] (May 2010).
 
; Printed
* [http://oreilly.com/catalog/0636920002468/ Best Android Apps], by Mike Hendrickson and Brian Sawyer (2010), O'Reilly Media. (Not read, ebook is $15)
 
=== Help ===
 
; Forums
 
* [http://androidforums.com/ AndroidForums.com]
* [http://forums.androidandme.com/ forums.androidandme.com]
* [http://forum.xda-developers.com/index.php XDA developers] (for developers mainly)
 
; FAQs
* [http://tinkerdroid.com/ TinkerDroid]
 
=== Rooting and aftermarket firmware ===
 
First learn what flavor of Android you got and take into account your provider/country, example for the US:
* [http://www.androidandme.com/2009/05/news/hold-the-sprinkles-on-my-cupcake-please-exploring-the-different-flavors-of-android/ read our article about the different flavors of Android]
 
Rooting (links may not be appropriate for your phone/provider combo)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooting_%28Android_OS%29 Rooting (Android OS)] (Wikipedia)
* [http://lifehacker.com/5342237/five-great-reasons-to-root-your-android-phone Five Great Reasons to Root Your Android Phone], retrieved 14:01, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
* [http://androidandme.com/2009/08/news/how-to-root-a-t-mobile-g1-and-mytouch-3g-android-phone/ Android and Me blog], retrieved 14:01, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
* [http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/04/15/rooting-explained-top-5-benefits-of-rooting-your-android-phone/ Rooting Explained + Top 5 Benefits Of Rooting Your Android Phone], retrieved 14:01, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
* [http://android-dls.com/wiki/index.php?title=Why_Root android-dls.com]
* [http://forum.samdroid.net/f49/superuser-su-busybox-i9000-v-2-01-07-2010-a-1355/ Superuser+su+busybox] and [http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/06/22/samsung-galaxy-s-already-rooted/ Samsung Galaxy S Already Rooted!] (for the Samsung Galaxy, retrieved July 30, 2010).
 
Mods:
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyanogenMod CyanogenMod] (Wikipedia)
 
See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking Jailbreaking] (freeing iPhones/Pads/Pods).
 
== bibliography ==
 
* Rick Rogers, John Lombardo, Zigurd Mednieks, G. Blake Meike (2009). ''Android Application Development Programming with the Google SDK'', O'Reilly Media [http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596521509?mybuyscid=12404011483&cmp=af-mybuy-9780596521509.IP O'Reilly Page]. (Reviews are rather bad ...)

Latest revision as of 10:31, 1 November 2011

Draft

Introduction

“Android is Google's operating system for mobile devices based on ARM architecture. It is a competitor to the Symbian platform, Apple's iOS for the iPhone and Microsoft's Windows Mobile and Windows Phone for mobile devices all based on ARM architecture. Technologically, Android includes middleware and key applications, and uses a modified version of the Linux kernel” (Wikipedia).

Why use Android as opposed to an iPhone:

  • Apple controls the applications through a single market place
  • Apple excludes certain technologies (e.g. banned the "save as iPhone" functionality in Adobe CS5).
  • Connectivity is restricted, i.e. you can't tether and iPhone to an Ipad (at least in some places)

As general principle, people in education always should support totally or at least relatively open technology since that way you improved chances to be able to move contents to other infrastructures in the present and the future ....

(Some) technical information

Tip: Upgrade the OS whenever a new version is available for your phone

Version 2.1 includes:

  • WIFI and WiMaX support
  • Be able to turn data download off when roaming, vendors typically only offer free data download schemes for the resident country :(
  • USB PC connectivity
  • USB tethering (i.e. you can use the mobile as a modem for your PC laptop on vacation), may not be available in some countries like the US.
  • Good support for google applications (Calendar, google world, etc.)
  • Support for 3D capable GPUs, i.e. OpenGL ES
  • Default webbrowser: Based on WebKit + the Chrome JavaScript engine
  • Applications are programed in Java, but compile to Dalvik (so there is no Java J2ME VM currently)
  • Support for typical smartphone features, like GPS, multi-touchscreen, acclerometers, magnetometers.
  • Multitasking

Version 2.2 (not available on many phones as of June 2009) will include several improvements, e.g. Flash 10.1

Security

  • Carefully read the list of authorizations an application requires (capabilities) before you download from the market. Most applications should not need make phone calls nor send SMSs and consult your contact list. Many should not be authorized to download/upload data.
  • Only download software that is rated and includes comments. Additionally, check the developers web site and try to find reviews from web sites that seem to be serious.
  • To see the permission given to an application after installation, go to the market, press menu, downloads, then select the application, press menu again, then press security.

Read for example How to be safe, find trusted apps, & avoid viruses - A guide for those new to Android. This forum article has a long list of issues you should be familiar with.

Rooting

Rooting refers to gaining full control over your phone. Before you do this, carefully read several tutorials and evaluate benefits and risks ...

WIFI vs. phone network

In most cases, it is better to use WIFI for applications (no cost).

Most WIFI networks are protected. In that case, you either must enter the typical parameters (like a long key) or launch the web browser and fill in information there ...

Applications

Android does have a central applications store like the iPhone, i.e. the Android Market, but you may install anything you like by your own.

To promote Android, Google initiated the Android Developer Challenge

The Android Market

An Android mobile includes an Android client. It has some deficiencies:

  • The category system isn't good enough (about 18 categories)
  • Search doesn't offer completion
  • you only can see comments from "your" market region
  • It's a pain to enter credit card information with google checkout. If you get it wrong, then the download may hang forever (weeks or more) and there is no way to cancel/restart anything. There ought to be some paypal-like facility.

The official web site is also fairly useless for finding and evaluating software, e.g. user comments are not included and there is no search facility. Therefore I suggest going through other web sites, see links below. Also give a try to AppBrain.

Installing (non market) *.apk applications

Android applications can be be distributed as *.apk file.

Automatic:

  • Download the *.apk with the built-in webbrowser, then click on it to install (you may have to change permissions on the phone).

Manual install:

(1) Download an applications installer application from the Android market.

  • I.e. search for apps installer or installer

(2) Typically, you will have to copy the *.apk to the root directory of the SDCard (other installers may scan the whole drive)

  • if you don't know how to, you could remove the SD card from the pone copy the file and put it back).

(3) Then open the Apps installer, select the apps name, ....

Useful applications

(not complete at all, does not include standard stuff like default browser, e-mail client, MP3 manager, etc.)

Phone and systems management

Below is a list of some kinds of programs ...

Task/process managers/killers

There exist several, but you also can just have faith in the Android OS for managing resources ...
Advanced Task Manager (AndroLib)
TaskPanel
Advanced Task Killer
Application installers (several, none really tested)
Apps installer
AppBrain App Market let's you browse (and also buy) applications through the web. You then can download on your cellphone. Easier for exploring applications (via PC) and managing installed apps (via the phone application)
Monitoring
SeePU
Benchmarking
Quadrant Standard

Office, Writing, etc.

Astrid - Todo list manager
home page
Share Your Board
capturing, processing and sharing whiteboard data
works under good lightning conditions

Maps and GPS

Google Earth
Needs a good GPU (works great on a Samsung Galaxy or better)
Will cache maps (browse the location before you leave your country or find a WIFI spot...)
Alpine Quest
Both a light and a full version (Euros 2.88)
Can cache maps and manage GPS trails
The full version is worth having
Maverick
GPS and location sharing tool
Trip Journal
(not tested)
Google Sky Map
not tested
Celeste
Identify stuff in the sky by pointing the camera

Readers

FBReader
Free e-pub reader (best Linux program)
tested, works fine.
PDF reader (from Adobe)

Finding information about

(old style and/or using camera or voice input)

WikiMobile Encyclopedia
Based on wikipedia, reduces download (network data) a lot
Shazam
Identify tunes
Shazam (service) (Wikipedia)

Edutainment

Word Puzzle
Edutainment
SongDNA
The light version is ok
Solo
Pocket guitar (play and chord diagrams for most important chords)
The light version is ok, the pro version does more
Rhythm Guitar
Pocket guitar

In education

We didn't find any interesting application that targets the education market and that do not fall in the category edutainment, reference and quizzing (but we didn't do any exhaustive search). See for example 101 Best Android Apps in Education

However:

  • There are many games that are somewhat educational (so-called edutainment)
  • Many applications (e.g. google earth, office programs, communication programs, interfaces to popular webservices and reference) that can be used in educational scenarios). Kathy Schrock created a typology of Android applications that target the various levels of Bloom's Revised Taxonomy.

Links

Official

Android OS and hardware

Android OS overviews
Hardware

Development

With App Inventor
With the SDK

Indexes of applications

(there are dozens of such .... the ones below were randomly chosen)

General
Specialized
Printed
  • Best Android Apps, by Mike Hendrickson and Brian Sawyer (2010), O'Reilly Media. (Not read, ebook is $15)

Help

Forums
FAQs

Rooting and aftermarket firmware

First learn what flavor of Android you got and take into account your provider/country, example for the US:

Rooting (links may not be appropriate for your phone/provider combo)

Mods:

See also Jailbreaking (freeing iPhones/Pads/Pods).

bibliography

  • Rick Rogers, John Lombardo, Zigurd Mednieks, G. Blake Meike (2009). Android Application Development Programming with the Google SDK, O'Reilly Media O'Reilly Page. (Reviews are rather bad ...)
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