Authoring environment: Difference between revisions

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* Content authoring systems
* Content authoring systems


;According to formats:
;According to data formats:
(see various entries)
(see various entries)


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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorware Macromedia Authorware]
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorware Macromedia Authorware]
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperCard Hypercard] and followups like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_%28development_environment%29 Revolution]
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperCard Hypercard] and followups like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_%28development_environment%29 Revolution]
* [[E-learning]]
* [[E-learning]] standards
** Most [[LMS]]s do include an authoring environment through web-based forms. See [[IMS Content Packaging]].
** Most [[LMS]]s do include an authoring environment through web-based forms. See [[IMS Content Packaging]].
** Activity-based systems like LAMS and the [[IMS Learning Design]] Reload editor.
** Activity-based systems like LAMS and the [[IMS Learning Design]] Reload editor.


;Editors for [[microworld]]s, e.g:
; According to educational function
* [[Squeak]], in particular its visual eToys scripting language.
* Editors for [[microworld]]s, e.g:
* [[LEGO Mindstorms]]
** [[Squeak]], in particular its visual eToys scripting language.
* [[ToonTalk]]
** [[LEGO Mindstorms]]
** [[ToonTalk]]
** [[AgentSheets]]


;Editors for simulations
*Editors for simulations
* STELLA
** STELLA
 
* Editors for drill and practise programs (see also [[CBT])
 
* E-learning content editors


== Sociology of authoring and reuse ==
== Sociology of authoring and reuse ==

Revision as of 15:43, 5 September 2006

Draft

Definition

  • An authoring environment is toolkit to build software or digital contents.
  • An educational authoring environment allows to create artifacts like web sites, interactive hypermedia, microworlds, simulations,

Some authors make finer distinctions, e.g. in Locatis and Al-Nuaim historical review and analysis (1999), “the term authoring tool refers to a range of software products having utilities for composing, editing, assembling, and managing multimedia objects, while the term authoring system refers to a subset of these products allowing multimedia development without having to program.”

A short history

See also:

Genres

According to difficulty, e.g.
  • Programming toolkits, often used together with an integrated development environment (IDE)
  • Visual languages to author interactive systems
  • Content authoring systems
According to data formats

(see various entries)

According to educational function
  • Editors for simulations
    • STELLA
  • Editors for drill and practise programs (see also [[CBT])
  • E-learning content editors

Sociology of authoring and reuse

Authoring by teachers

"Lessons learned" of the East/West group (Spohrer, Summer & Shum, 1998).

  • The first lesson can be summarized as follows: 'No matter how easy to use one makes an authoring tool through clever applications of cognitive science and technology, only a small fraction of the people with good ideas about instructional software and capable of learning to use the tools will in fact build things. The majority of people will instead make suggestions and try to influence what the builders are building.
  • The second lesson can be summarized as follows: 'Often the people most capable of doing a job such as improving a piece of educational software are prevented from doing the job by social convention, intellectual property protection barriers, or business model restrictions.'
  • The third lesson is just common sense in hindsight, and can be summarized as follows: 'What is the first question an authoring tool user should ask before using a tool to create a piece of educational software? Answer: Does the software or something like it already exist, and, if so, who created it and will they allow it to be reused?'

Towards Authoring communities ?

Links

References

  • Locatis,Craig, Al-Nuaim,Hana (1999), Interactive technology and authoring tools: A historical review and analysis, Educational Technology Research and Development, 47, 3, 9/18/1999, Pages 63-75, DOI 10.1007/BF02299634 (Access restricted)
  • Repenning, A., Ioannidou, A. and Ambach, J. (1998). Learn to Communicate and Communicate to Learn. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 98 (7). HTML Hypertext - HTML
  • Spohrer Jim, Tamara Summer & Simon Buckingham Shum (1998). Educational Authoring Tools and the Educational Object Economy: Introduction to this Special Issue from the East/West Group. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 98 (10). [www-jime.open.ac.uk/98/10 HTML Hypertext] - HTML - PDF