View source for Pedagogical scenario

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== Definition ==

A '''pedagogical scenario''' or '''learning scenario''' is an instantiation of an [[instructional design model]] for a given subject and a given kind of situation. It basically defines what learners and other actors like the teacher should/can do with a given set of resources and tools. A more formal scenario can be called a [[learning design]].

See also the category [[:Category:Example cases | example cases]]. The distinction between an (abstract) scenario and a concrete example cases is not always easy in the literature, given that published example cases try to generalize...

See also: [[Educational design language]] and [[educational modeling language]].

== Typical ingredients and typologies ==

Here is a small list of typical ingredients one can find in a scenario

* Several, usually sequential [[learning activity | learning activities]] (these are smaller scenarios that are combined together)
* a [[learning environment]] within which the scenario happens
* various [[courseware]] (learning materials), e.g.
** [[IMS Content Packaging|IMS Content packs]] in various flavors (simple, SCORM 1.2, SCORM 2004, SS, LD)
** Print or electronic (PDF, Word, [[e-book]], etc.) texts
** [[microworld]]s
** [[hypertext]]

Note: some courseware integrates learning activities, e.g. [[hypermodel]]s or e-learning environments based on [[IMS Learning Design]]

Schulmeister (2005:487-488) suggest to define scenarios according to 3 dimensions:
# presence - virtual
# information - cooperation
# instruction - learning

The definition of what a ''pedagogical scenario'' is can differ a lot in various schools of thought based on different [[Learning theories]], [[pedagogical theory|pedagogical theories]] etc. There are very contrasting [[instructional design model]]s and ideas on [[pedagogic strategy]].

== Related design methodology ==

=== Design theories ===

Modern [[pedagogical theory]] (whether [[behaviorism|behaviorist]], [[cognitivism|cognitivist]], [[constructivism|constructivist]] etc. ) insists on the importance of scenarios, i.e. story-boards that define [[learning activity | learning activities]].

Certain kinds of learning objects include pedagogical designs, e.g. [[IMS Learning Design]], [[LAMS]] modules, [[Emergent Learning Objects]].

Currently (20009) the most well known formal scenario specification and execution language is [[IMS Learning Design]]. It implements the following basic learning design model:
 ROLE -> performs -> ACTIVITIES -> within -> an ENVRIONMENT

=== Scenario design software ===

* [[Educational modelling language]]s (e.g. [[IMS Learning Design]]) and associated tools (e.g. [[MISA | MOT]] 
* [[:category:Educational design tools|Educational design tools]] like the [[Dialog Plus Toolkit]] (defunct) or [[ABC LD]]
* Various [[workflow]] languages made for other purposes.
* Scenario editors like [[OASIF]] (not based on a formal modelling language).
* Scenario-based learning management systems (learning activity systems) like [[LAMS]], [[CeLS]] or [[FROG]].
* Tools for [[lesson planning]]

== Examples ==

* [[CSCL script]]s define scenarios in the context of computer supported [[collaborative learning]].

* See also (for the moment): [[:Category:Pedagogical scenarios]] and [[:Category:Example cases]]

== Links ==

{{comment | this is really not complete, sorry}}

* [http://thesaurus.telearn.org/Learning_scenario Learning scenario]

=== Scenario databases ===

* [http://courseware.mcgill.ca/wiki/ Instructional Scenarios Wiki] (A nice wiki that provides ideas to WebCT Vista users)

* [https://fnl.ch/ Forum New Leaning] (FNL, a Swiss competence network for teaching & learning with new technologies). Nice database of "learning objects" (i.e. scenarios that a teacher can use in classes) with many examples (most are in German). No longer maintained.

* [http://www.eduhub.ch/info/elearningscenarios/index.html e-Learning Scenarios] (eduhub.ch)

* [http://www.ccdmd.qc.ca/ri/scenarios.html PerfecTIC] Excellent canadian (french/english) scenario database. Each scenario is available as printable PDF.

* [http://site.profweb.qc.ca/ ProfWeb] Excellent french/english Canadian Teacher Resource (not just scenarios).

* [http://www.lamap.fr/ La main à la pate] French site for teaching science in primary school (lots of interesting teacher-tested activities/scenarios).

== References ==

See also more formal approaches: E.g. [[CSCL script]], [[Learning design]], [[Educational design language]] and [[educational modeling language]]. These articles include much more references.

* Schulmeister, R. (2005). Kriterien didaktischer Qualität im E-Learning zur Sicherung der Akzeptanz und Nachhaltigkeit. In D. Euler & S. Seufert (Hrsg.), E-Learning in Hochschulen und Bildungszentren, München: Oldenbourg, p. 487.

* Wichmann, A., Engler, J., & Hoppe, U. (2010). Sharing educational scenario designs in practitioner communities. In K. Gomez, L. Lyons, & J. Radinsky (Eds.), Learning in the Disciplines. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2010), Vol 2 (pp. 750-757). International Society of the Learning Sciences, Inc. 


[[Category:Pedagogical scenarios]]