Introduction

Ruida controllers are laser cutter controller boards with several beefier features. They are built for lasering, and run a download and execute scheme. They are natively supported by RDWorks (which is free) and supported by Lightburn (Proprietary, $80). They have a control panel that can often display the program to be run and perform jogging operations. There have been a number of reverse engineering and supporting operations.

Ruida controllers can control 4 axises. These are X, Y, Z, and U.

Models

There are several Ruida Models which cause slightly different interactions.

644XG

Default Model.

644XS

Replying 0 to a DA0004 request causes a communication error.

320

Replying 0 to a DA0004 request causes a communication error.

633X

Replying 0 to a DA0004 request causes a communication error.

634XG

Uses an altered form of the scrambling algorithm.

The xor magic value is 0x11

654XG

Replying 0 to a DA0004 request causes a communication error.

Card Values

There are a variety of different swizzles for different model numbers and these are specified by the Card ID.

Model	Card ID	Swizzle
	0x6320	swizzle 0x11
	0x6302	swizzle 0x83
	0x6301	swizzle 0x88
	0x6300	swizzle 0x33
	0x2210	swizzle 0x16
	0x630b	swizzle 0x33
	0x6425	swizzle 0x88
	0x6501	swizzle 0x34
	0x6511	swizzle 0x77
	0x6531	swizzle 0x77
	0x6512	swizzle 0x75
	0x6513	swizzle 0x99
	0x6514	swizzle 0x13
	0x651e	swizzle 0x60
	0x6533	swizzle 0x60
	0x651f	swizzle 0x76
	0x651f	swizzle 0x76
	0x6530	swizzle 0x10
	0x6532	swizzle 0x10
	0x6920	swizzle 0xa1
	0x6811	swizzle 0x77
	0x690f-0x6911	swizzle 0xa1
	0x6912	swizzle 0x88
	0x6930	swizzle 0x1a
	0x693f	swizzle 0x1a
	0x7230	swizzle 0x10
	0x7235	swizzle 0x10
	0x7236	swizzle 0x10
	0x7430	swizzle 0x10
	0x7930	swizzle 0x10
Others	Others	swizzle 0x88

Protocol

The laser can be controlled through a few different means. It accepts USB files in an .rd format, it can be set to listen for UDP packets on port 50200, and can directly transfer files via USB to the device.

UDP:50200

The device listens on port 50200 on the laser, and sends from port 40200.

The payload is an RD file with the same payload, command, and syntax. It also has the same swizzling so an RD file for a 634XG will be swizzled with 0x11 and not 0x88 for the magic number.

UDP packets requires an extra 16 bit checksum for each packet. Since UDP can lose packets it requires an ACK reply after every packet. The checksum doesn't require any special operations it's literally just the lower 16 bits sum of the value of each byte in the packet. Beyond those differences the remaining elements are Ruida commands which follow a fairly well understood structure.

The first two bytes of any UDP packet are big endian checksum. This response to this is either 0xCC Checksum match or 0xCF checksum fail. On fail the packet must be resent. Too long of a time will cause a time out.

In UDP the packet size is limited to 1474 bytes. However most modern versions simply cut at around 1000 bytes. These cuts are permitted to occur mid-command but modernly do not do that. They cut at command boundaries.

There is no header, arbitration, or handshaking. Anything that is interpreted as correct will execute.

The timeout is about 4 seconds. It expects a reply ACK packet by then.

The first chunk will retry other chunks will simply fail.

The payload has an EOF command.

UDP:50207

In addition to the normal listening port at 50200 three is one located at 50207 which sends from port 40207.

The payload are simple commands which do not have any real detail to them and they correspond to a ruida android app that gives basic commands. The protocol is different in that there is no swizzling. All bytes are sent in the clear without any byte manipulation.

0xCC is replied to with 0xCC during the handshake as a ACK packet.

0xCE is sent regularly as a sort of keep-alive packet.

All regular commands sent are 0xA5 commands.

    --> a55006	(Interface Start/Pause)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55009	(Interface Stop)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5505a	(Interface Reset)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5500f	(Interface Trace On/Off)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55007	(Interface ESC)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55012	(Interface Laser Gate)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55005	(Interface Pulse Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55105	(Interface Pulse Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55008	(Interface Origin)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55300	(Interface Frame)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5500c	(Interface +U Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5510c	(Interface +U Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55003	(Interface +Y Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55103	(Interface +Y Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5500a	(Interface +Z Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5510a	(Interface +Z Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55001	(Interface -X Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55101	(Interface -X Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55011	(Interface Speed)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55002	(Interface +X Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55102	(Interface +X Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5500d	(Interface -U Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5510d	(Interface -U Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55004	(Interface -Y Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a55104	(Interface -Y Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5500b	(Interface -Z Down)
    <-- cc	(ACK)
    --> a5510b	(Interface -Z Up)
    <-- cc	(ACK)

The protocol is also unique in that some instructions have a keydown and keyup meaning so 0xa5500b means start moving in the -Z direction, and 0xa5510b means stop moving in the -Z direction.

USB

There are two methods of USB transfer, direct transfer with a USB device between the machine and computer, and through the use of a thumb drive.

When plugged in to USB it uses USB 1.1 at full speed. The connected communications chip is the FT245R chip. This uses a standard communications serial port.

19200 bps
8 data bits
No parity
1 stop bit
hardware flow control [1]

Swizzling

All packet data is lightly swizzled at the byte level. The checksum is calculated preswizzle.

    644XG - Magic = 0x88
    644XS - Magic = 0x88
    320 - Magic = 0x88
    633X - Magic = 0x88
    634XG - Magic = 0x11
    654XG - Magic = 0x88
    RDL9635 - Magic = 0x38 [2]

Swizzling:

       b ^= (b >> 7) & 0xFF
       b ^= (b << 7) & 0xFF
       b ^= (b >> 7) & 0xFF
       b ^= magic
       b = (b + 1) & 0xFF

Unswizzling:

       b = (b - 1) & 0xFF
       b ^= magic
       b ^= (b >> 7) & 0xFF
       b ^= (b << 7) & 0xFF
       b ^= (b >> 7) & 0xFF
       return b

The general algorithm swaps the first and last digit, xors the data and adds 1. The reverse unswizzling requires subtracting one, xor, and swapping the first and last digit. In the presented code the swap is done there with an xor swap.

Ruida Encoding

The UDP and USB modes perform some jogging and realtime controls and data queries but mostly it sends .rd files.

Structure

The basic structure of an .rd file is a header and body.

Header

The header has two main sections, the main header, and the layer headers.

The main header sets the origin point, and the bounding boxes for the entire project.

Each layer/cut used has it's own header that corresponds to the Work information in RDWorks, conveying the speed to travel at, the min power, several other power values, the color of that layer, frequency etc.

Body

The body intros with a series of prestart commands and configuration elements before starting the actual layers. All layer data is conveyed before closing the element with an End of File command.

Data Types

Each command in Ruida starts with a a high bit meaning all bytes sent that are 0x80 or above are commands. All other bytes consequently cannot use that bit. This leads to the strange bit-count numbers, namely 14 bit integers and 35 bit integers.

The basic raw types:

Raw Type	Bits	Bytes
int_7	7	1
int_14	14	2
uint14	14	2
int_35	32	5
cstring	7*(N+1)	N+1

The 35 bit numbers require 5 bytes (5 * 7 bits) which gives 35 bits. These are signed and unsigned at 35 bits. You could likely truncate them at 32 bits without any ill effects.

Type	Raw Type	Bits	Bytes	Units
Abscoord	int_35	32	5	micrometers
Relcoord	int_14	14	2	micrometers
Power	uint_14	14	2	(100 / 2^14) percent
Time	int_35	32	5	microseconds
Frequency	int_35	32	5	Hz
Color	int_35	24	5	#BBGGRR 3-component 8-bit color.
Part	int_7	7	1	Part / Layer Index.

Commands

Byte 0	Byte1	Byte2	Syntax	Length	Meaning
0x80	0x00		0x80 0x00 <Abscoord>	7	Axis X Move
0x80	0x08		0x80 0x08 <Abscoord>	7	Axis Z Move
0x88			0x88 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	11	Move Absolute <X> <Y>
0x89			0x89 <Relcoord> <Relcoord>	5	Move Relative <DX> <DY>
0x8A			0x8A <Relcoord>	3	Move Horizontal Relative <DX>
0x8B			0x8B <Relcoord>	3	Move Vertical Relative <DY>
0xA0	0x00		0xA0 0x00 <Abscoord>	7	Axis Y Move
0xA0	0x08		0xA0 0x08 <Abscoord>	7	Axis U Move
0xA5	0x50	<interface value>	0xA5 0x50 <interface value>	6	UDP:50207 command. Keypress or Keydown.
0xA5	0x51	<interface value>	0xA5 0x50 <interface value>	6	UDP:50207 command, Key Up.
0xA8			0xA8 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	11	Cut Absolute <X> <Y>
0xA9			0xA9 <Relcoord> <Relcoord>	5	Cut Relative <DX> <DY>
0xAA			0xAA <Relcoord>	3	Cut Horizontal Relative <DX>
0xAB			0xAB <Relcoord>	3	Cut Vertical Relative <DY>
0xC7			0xC7 <Power>	3	Immediate Power 1 <Power>
0xC0			0xC0 <Power>	3	Immediate Power 2 <Power>
0xC2			0xC2 <Power>	3	Immediate Power 3 <Power>
0xC3			0xC3 <Power>	3	Immediate Power 4 <Power>
0xC8			0xC8 <Power>	3	End Power 1 <Power>
0xC1			0xC1 <Power>	3	End Power 2 <Power>
0xC4			0xC4 <Power>	3	End Power 3 <Power>
0xC5			0xC5 <Power>	3	End Power 4 <Power>
0xC6	0x01		0xC6 0x01 <Power>	4	Power Min 1 <Power>
0xC6	0x21		0xC6 0x21 <Power>	4	Power Min 2 <Power>
0xC6	0x05		0xC6 0x05 <Power>	4	Power Min 3 <Power>
0xC6	0x07		0xC6 0x07 <Power>	4	Power Min 4 <Power>
0xC6	0x02		0xC6 0x02 <Power>	4	Power Max 1 <Power>
0xC6	0x22		0xC6 0x22 <Power>	4	Power Max 2 <Power>
0xC6	0x06		0xC6 0x06 <Power>	4	Power Max 3 <Power>
0xC6	0x08		0xC6 0x08 <Power>	4	Power Max 4 <Power>
0xC6	0x10		0xC6 0x10 <Time.>	7	Laser Interval
0xC6	0x11		0xC6 0x11 <Time.>	7	Add Delay
0xC6	0x12		0xC6 0x12 <Time.>	7	Laser On Delay
0xC6	0x13		0xC6 0x13 <Time.>	7	Laser Off Delay
0xC6	0x15		0xC6 0x15 ??	7	Laser On2
0xC6	0x16		0xC6 0x16 ??	7	Laser Off2
0xC6	0x31		0xC6 0x31 <Part> <Power>	5	Part, Power Min 1 <Part> <Power>
0xC6	0x41		0xC6 0x41 <Part> <Power>	5	Part, Power Min 2 <Part> <Power>
0xC6	0x35		0xC6 0x35 <Part> <Power>	5	Part, Power Min 3 <Part> <Power>
0xC6	0x37		0xC6 0x37 <Part> <Power>	5	Part, Power Min 4 <Part> <Power>
0xC6	0x32		0xC6 0x32 <Part> <Power>	5	Part, Power Max 1 <Part> <Power>
0xC6	0x42		0xC6 0x42 <Part> <Power>	5	Part, Power Max 2 <Part> <Power>
0xC6	0x36		0xC6 0x36 <Part> <Power>	5	Part, Power Max 3 <Part> <Power>
0xC6	0x38		0xC6 0x38 <Part> <Power>	5	Part, Power Max 4 <Part> <Power>
0xC6	0x50		0xC6 0x50 <Power>	4	ThroughPower <Power>
0xC6	0x51		0xC6 0x51 <Power>	4	ThroughPower <Power>
0xC6	0x55		0xC6 0x55 <Power>	4	ThroughPower <Power>
0xC6	0x56		0xC6 0x56 <Power>	4	ThroughPower <Power>
0xC6	0x60		0xC6 0x60 <Laser> <Part> <Frequency>	9	Part, Frequency <Laser> <Part> <Frequency>
0xC9	0x02		0xC9 0x02 <Speed>	7	Velocity <Speed>
0xC9	0x03		0xC9 0x03 <Speed>	7	Axis Velocity <Speed>
0xC9	0x04		0xC9 0x04 <Part> <Speed>	8	Part Velocity <Speed>
0xC9	0x05		0xC9 0x05 <Speed>	7	Force Velocity <Speed>
0xC9	0x06		0xC9 0x06 <Speed>	7	Axis Move Speed <Speed>
0xCA	0x01	0x00	0xCA 0x01 0x00	3	End Layer
0xCA	0x01	0x01	0xCA 0x01 0x01	3	Work Mode 1
0xCA	0x01	0x02	0xCA 0x01 0x02	3	Work Mode 2
0xCA	0x01	0x03	0xCA 0x01 0x03	3	Work Mode 3
0xCA	0x01	0x04	0xCA 0x01 0x04	3	Work Mode 4
0xCA	0x01	0x55	0xCA 0x01 0x55	3	Work Mode 5
0xCA	0x01	0x55	0xCA 0x01 0x05	3	Work Mode 6
0xCA	0x01	0x10	0xCA 0x01 0x10	3	Layer Device=0
0xCA	0x01	0x11	0xCA 0x01 0x11	3	Layer Device=1
0xCA	0x01	0x12	0xCA 0x01 0x12	3	Air Assist Off
0xCA	0x01	0x13	0xCA 0x01 0x13	3	Air Assist On
0xCA	0x01	0x14	0xCA 0x01 0x14	3	Set DbHead
0xCA	0x01	0x30	0xCA 0x01 0x30	3	EnLaser2Offset 0
0xCA	0x01	0x31	0xCA 0x01 0x31	3	EnLaser2Offset 1
0xCA	0x02		0xCA 0x02 <Part> <Index>	4	Part, Layer Number <Part> <Index>
0xCA	0x03	0x00	0xCA 0x03 <EnLaserTube>	3	EnLaserTube Start
0xCA	0x04	0x00	0xCA 0x04 <X-Sign-Map>	3	X Sign Map
0xCA	0x05		0xCA 0x05 <Color>	7	Layer Color <Color>
0xCA	0x06		0xCA 0x06 <Part> <Color>	8	Part, Layer Color <Color>
0xCA	0x10		0xCA 0x10 <EnExIO>	3	EnExIo Start
0xCA	0x22		0xCA 0x22 <Part>	3	Part, Max Layer
0xCA	0x30		0xCA 0x30 ??	6	U File ID
0xCA	0x40		0xCA 0x40 <V0>	3	ZU Map
0xCA	0x41		0xCA 0x41 <Part> <Mode>	4	Part, Work Mode <Part> <Mode>
0xCC			0xCC	1	Msg Acknowledge
0xCD			0xCD	1	Msg Error
0xD7			0xD7	1	End of File
0xD8	0x00		0xD8 0x00	2	Start Process
0xD8	0x00		0xD8 0x01	2	Stop Process
0xD8	0x02		0xD8 0x02	2	Pause Process
0xD8	0x03		0xD8 0x03	2	Restore Process
0xD8	0x10		0xD8 0x12	2	Ref Point Mode 0
0xD8	0x10		0xD8 0x11	2	Ref Point Mode 1
0xD8	0x10		0xD8 0x10	2	Ref Point Mode 2
0xD8	0x2C		0xD8 0x2C	2	Home Z
0xD8	0x2D		0xD8 0x2C	2	Home U
0xD8	0x2E		0xD8 0x2E	2	Focus Z
0xD9	0x00		0xD9 0x00 <Options> <Abscoord>	8	Move X <Options> <Abscoord>
0xD9	0x01		0xD9 0x01 <Options> <Abscoord>	8	Move Y <Options> <Abscoord>
0xD9	0x02		0xD9 0x02 <Options> <Abscoord>	8	Move Z <Options> <Abscoord>
0xD9	0x03		0xD9 0x03 <Options> <Abscoord>	8	Move U <Options> <Abscoord>
0xD9	0x10		0xD9 0x10 <Options>	3	Home XY <Options> <Abscoord>
0xDA	0x00		0xDA 0x00 <Param>	4	Read Param <Param>
0xDA	0x01		0xDA 0x01 <Param> <int_35> <copy int_35>	14	Write/Respond Param <Param> <Value>
0xE6	0x01		0xE6 0x01	2	Set Absolute
0xE7	0x00		0xE7 0x00	2	Block End
0xE7	0x01		0xE7 0x01 <c_string>	2 + N	Filename
0xE7	0x03		0xE7 0x03 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Process TopLeft <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x07		0xE7 0x07 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Process BottomRight <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x04		0xE7 0x04 <int_14> <int_14> <int_14> <int_14>	16	Process Repeat ??
0xE7	0x05		0xE7 0x05 <Direction>	3	Array Direction
0xE7	0x06		0xE7 0x06 ??	12	Feed Repeat
0xE7	0x08		0xE7 0x08 <V0> <V1>	16	Array Repeat <V0> <V1>
0xE7	0x09		0xE7 0x09 ???	7	Feed Length
0xE7	0x13		0xE7 0x13 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Array Min Point <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x17		0xE7 0x17 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Array Max Point <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x23		0xE7 0x23 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Array Add <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x24		0xE7 0x24 <V0>	3	Array Mirror
0xE7	0x35		0xE7 0x35 <V0> <V1>	12	Block X Size <V0> <V1>
0xE7	0x36		0xE7 0x36 <int_7>	3	Set File Empty
0xE7	0x46		0xE7 0x46 '0x11227766'	12	BY Test (static value)
0xE7	0x50		0xE7 0x50 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Document Min Point <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x51		0xE7 0x51 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Document Max Point <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x52		0xE7 0x52 <Part> <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	13	Part, MinPoint <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x53		0xE7 0x53 <Part> <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	13	Part, MaxPoint <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x54		0xE7 0x54 <0 or 1> <Abscoord>	8	Pen Offset <Abscoord> (0 then 1, always)
0xE7	0x55		0xE7 0x55 <0 or 1> <Abscoord>	8	Layer Offset <Abscoord> (0 then 1, always)
0xE7	0x60		0xE7 0x60 <Index>	3	Set Current Element Index <Index>
0xE7	0x61		0xE7 0x61 <Part> <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	13	Part, MinPointEx <X> <Y>
0xE7	0x62		0xE7 0x62 <Part> <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	13	Part, MaxPointEx <X> <Y>
0xE8	0x00		0xE8 0x00	12	Delete Document
0xE8	0x01		0xE8 0x01 <FileNumber>	4	Document Name <FileNumber>
0xE8	0x02		0xE8 0x02	2	File Transfer
0xE8	0x03		0xE8 0x03 <Index>	3	Select Document <Index>
0xE8	0x04		0xE8 0x04	2	Calculate Document Time
0xEA			0xEA <Index>	2	Array Start
0xEB			0xEB	1	Array End
0xF0			0xF0	1	Ref Point Set
0xF1	0x00		0xF1 0x00 <Index>	3	Element Max Index <Index>
0xF1	0x01		0xF1 0x01 <Index>	3	Element Name Max Index <Index>
0xF1	0x02		0xF1 0x02 <Enable>	3	Enable Block Cutting
0xF1	0x03		0xF1 0x03 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Display Offset <X> <Y>
0xF1	0x04		0xF1 0x04 <Index>	3	Feed Auto Calc <Index>
0xF1	0x10		0xF1 0x10 <Index> <Index>	4	Unknown Common
0xF2	0x00		0xF2 0x00 <Index>	3	Element Index <Index>
0xF2	0x01		0xF2 0x01 <Index>	3	Element Name <Index>
0xF2	0x02		0xF2 0x02 <c_string 10 bytes>	12	Element Name
0xF2	0x03		0xF2 0x03 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Element Array Min Point <X> <Y>
0xF2	0x04		0xF2 0x04 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Element Array Max Point <X> <Y>
0xF2	0x05		0xF2 0x05 <V0> <V1>	16	Element Array (Same: E7 08)
0xF2	0x06		0xF2 0x06 <Abscoord> <Abscoord>	12	Element Array Add <X> <Y>
0xF2	0x07		0xF2 0x07 <V0>	3	Element Array Mirror

Options for D900, D901, D902, D903, D910:

Value	Origin	Light	Meaning
0	X		Move with origin.
1	X	X	Move with origin and light
2			Move with no options
3		X	Move with light

Interface Values for A5 commands.

Command	Meaning
a55006	Interface Start/Pause
a55009	Interface Stop
a5505a	Interface Reset
a5500f	Interface Trace On/Off
a55007	Interface ESC
a55012	Interface Laser Gate
a55005	Interface Pulse Down
a55105	Interface Pulse Up
a55008	Interface Origin
a55300	Interface Frame
a5500c	Interface +U Down
a5510c	Interface +U Up
a55003	Interface +Y Down
a55103	Interface +Y Up
a5500a	Interface +Z Down
a5510a	Interface +Z Up
a55001	Interface -X Down
a55101	Interface -X Up
a55011	Interface Speed
a55002	Interface +X Down
a55102	Interface +X Up
a5500d	Interface -U Down
a5510d	Interface -U Up
a55004	Interface -Y Down
a55104	Interface -Y Up
a5500b	Interface -Z Down
a5510b	Interface -Z Up

Properties

The command DA is quite commonly used and helpful. It gets and sends information to the laser cutter.

Data is requested from and to the machine for bidirectional data flow. For general usability the mission critical element is that the reply to 05 7E is 0x65006500. This is requested early on in most communications.

Byte 0	Byte 1	Addr 0	Addr 1	Value	Meaning
0xDA	0x00	Byte0	Byte1		Query <Byte0 Byte1>
0xDA	0x01	Byte0	Byte1	<int_32_5byte>	Set <Byte0 Byte1> <Value>

Here is the list of known properties.

Byte 0	Byte 1	Address(hex)	Address(dec)	Key_Value
0x00	0x04	0x004	4	IO Enable
0x00	0x0B	0x00b	11	Eng Facula
0x00	0x05	0x005	5	G0 Velocity
0x00	0x0E	0x00E	14	Eng Vert Velocity
0x00	0x0C	0x00C	12	Home Velocity
0x00	0x10	0x010	16	System Control Mode
0x00	0x11	0x011	17	Laser PWM Frequency 1
0x00	0x17	0x017	23	Laser PWM Frequency 2
0x00	0x65	0x065	101	Laser PWM Frequency 3
0x00	0x6a	0x06A	106	Laser PWM Frequency 4
0x00	0x12	0x012	18	Laser Min Power 1
0x00	0x18	0x018	24	Laser Min Power 2
0x00	0x63	0x063	99	Laser Min Power 3
0x00	0x68	0x068	104	Laser Min Power 4
0x00	0x13	0x013	19	Laser Max Power 1
0x00	0x19	0x019	25	Laser Max Power 2
0x00	0x64	0x064	100	Laser Max Power 3
0x00	0x69	0x069	105	Laser Max Power 4
0x00	0x1A	0x01A	26	Laser Standby Frequency 1
0x00	0x1C	0x01C	28	Laser Standby Frequency 2
0x00	0x66	0x066	102	Laser Standby Frequency 3
0x00	0x6B	0x06B	107	Laser Standby Frequency 4
0x00	0x20	0x020	32	Axis Control Para 1
0x00	0x30	0x030	48	Axis Control Para 2
0x00	0x40	0x040	64	Axis Control Para 3
0x00	0x50	0x050	80	Axis Control Para 4
0x00	0x1e	0x01E	30	Auto Type Space
0x00	0x2B	0x02B	43	Axis Backlash 1
0x00	0x3B	0x03B	59	Axis Backlash 2
0x00	0x4B	0x04B	75	Axis Backlash 3
0x00	0x5B	0x05B	91	Axis Backlash 4
0x00	0x28	0x028	40	Axis Btn Acc 1
0x00	0x38	0x038	56	Axis Btn Acc 2
0x00	0x48	0x048	72	Axis Btn Acc 3
0x00	0x58	0x058	88	Axis Btn Acc 4
0x00	0x27	0x027	39	Axis Btn Start Vel 1
0x00	0x37	0x037	55	Axis Btn Start Vel 2
0x00	0x47	0x047	71	Axis Btn Start Vel 3
0x00	0x57	0x057	87	Axis Btn Start Vel 4
0x00	0x29	0x029	41	Axis Estp Acc 1
0x00	0x39	0x039	57	Axis Estp Acc 2
0x00	0x49	0x049	73	Axis Estp Acc 3
0x00	0x59	0x059	89	Axis Estp Acc 4
0x00	0x2A	0x02A	42	Axis Home Offset 1
0x00	0x3A	0x03A	58	Axis Home Offset 2
0x00	0x4A	0x04A	74	Axis Home Offset 3
0x00	0x5A	0x05A	90	Axis Home Offset 4
0x00	0x25	0x025	37	Axis Max Acc 1
0x00	0x35	0x035	53	Axis Max Acc 2
0x00	0x45	0x045	69	Axis Max Acc 3
0x00	0x55	0x055	85	Axis Max Acc 4
0x00	0x23	0x023	35	Axis Max Velocity 1
0x00	0x33	0x033	51	Axis Max Velocity 2
0x00	0x43	0x043	67	Axis Max Velocity 3
0x00	0x53	0x053	83	Axis Max Velocity 4
0x00	0x21	0x021	33	Axis Precision 1
0x00	0x31	0x031	49	Axis Precision 2
0x00	0x41	0x041	65	Axis Precision 3
0x00	0x51	0x051	81	Axis Precision 4
0x00	0x26	0x026	38	Axis Range 1
0x00	0x36	0x036	54	Axis Range 2
0x00	0x46	0x046	70	Axis Range 3
0x00	0x56	0x056	86	Axis Range 4
0x00	0x24	0x024	36	Axis Start Velocity 1
0x00	0x34	0x034	52	Axis Start Velocity 2
0x00	0x44	0x044	68	Axis Start Velocity 3
0x00	0x54	0x054	84	Axis Start Velocity 4
0x00	0x16	0x016	22	Laser Attenuation
0x00	0x1B	0x01B	27	Laser Standby Pulse 1
0x00	0x1d	0x01D	29	Laser Standby Pulse 2
0x00	0x67	0x067	103	Laser Standby Pulse 3
0x00	0x6C	0x06C	108	Laser Standby Pulse 4
0x00	0x60	0x060	96	Machine Type (0x1155, 0xaa55)
0x02	0x00	0x100	256	System Settings
0x02	0x0c	0x10C	268	Manual Dis
0x02	0x31	0x131	305	Manual Fast Speed
0x02	0x32	0x132	306	Manual Slow Speed
0x02	0x21	0x121	289	Rotate D
0x02	0x1F	0x11F	287	Rotate Pulse
0x02	0x1B	0x11B	283	Turn Ratio
0x02	0x01	0x101	257	Turn Velocity
0x02	0x02	0x102	258	Syn Acc
0x02	0x09	0x109	265	Turn Acc
0x02	0x07	0x107	263	Feed Delay After
0x02	0x0B	0x10B	267	Feed Delay Prior
0x02	0x0E	0x10E	270	Focus Depth
0x02	0x0A	0x10A	266	G0 Acc
0x02	0x1C	0x11C	284	Acc G0 Ratio
0x02	0x0D	0x10D	269	Shut Down Delay
0x02	0x03	0x103	259	G0 Delay
0x02	0x26	0x126	294	User Para 1
0x02	0x2C	0x12C	300	U Home Velocity
0x02	0x2D	0x12D	301	U Work Velocity
0x02	0x25	0x125	293	X Eng Acc
0x02	0x24	0x124	292	X Minimum Eng Velocity
0x02	0x35	0x135	309	Y Eng Acc
0x02	0x34	0x134	308	Y Minimum Eng Velocity
0x02	0x37	0x137	311	Eng Acc Ratio
0x02	0x2A	0x12A	298	Z G0 Velocity
0x02	0x28	0x128	296	Z Home Velocity
0x02	0x2B	0x12B	299	Z Pen Up Position
0x02	0x29	0x129	297	Z Work Velocity
0x02	0x1A	0x11A	282	Acc Ratio
0x02	0x17	0x117	279	Array Feed Repay
0x02	0x0F	0x10F	271	Go Scale Blank
0x03	0x00	0x180	384	Card Language
0x03	0x01	0x181	385	PC Lock 1
0x03	0x02	0x182	386	PC Lock 2
0x03	0x03	0x183	387	PC Lock 3
0x03	0x04	0x184	388	PC Lock 4
0x03	0x05	0x185	389	PC Lock 5
0x03	0x06	0x186	390	PC Lock 6
0x03	0x07	0x187	391	PC Lock 7
0x04	0x11	0x211	529	Total Laser Work Time
0x04	0x01	0x201	513	Total Open Time
0x04	0x23	0x223	547	Total Work Length 1
0x04	0x33	0x233	563	Total Work Length 2
0x04	0x43	0x243	579	Total Work Length 3
0x04	0x53	0x253	595	Total Work Length 4
0x04	0x03	0x203	515	Total Work Number
0x04	0x02	0x202	514	Total Work Time
0x04	0x08	0x208	520	Pre Work Time
0x04	0x05	0x205	517	Total Doc Number
0x04	0x21	0x221	545	Axis Preferred Position 1
0x04	0x31	0x231	561	Axis Preferred Position 2
0x04	0x41	0x241	577	Axis Preferred Position 3
0x04	0x51	0x251	593	Axis Preferred Position 4
0x04	0x00	0x200	512	Machine Status (0b00110111 relevant bits).
0x05	0x7E	0x2FE	766	Card ID
0x05	0x7F	0x2FF	767	Mainboard Version
0x07	0x10-0x74	0x390	912	Document Time
0x0b	0x11	0x591	1425	Card Lock

Default Values

Parameter Type	RDWorks Name	Default Value	Code	Parameter Name
Cut	Idle speed	200 mm/s	0x00 0x05	G0 Velocity
Cut	Idle Acc	3000.000 mm/s2	0x02 0x0a	G0 Acc
Cut	Start Speed	20 mm/s	0x02 0x01	Turn Velocity
Cut	Min Acc	400mm/s2	0x02 0x09	Turn Acc
Cut	Max acc	3000mm/s2	0x02 0x02	Syn Acc
Cut	Idle delay	0ms	0x02 0x03	G0 Delay
Cut	Acc factor	100%	0x02 0x1A	Acc Ratio
Cut	G0 Acc factor	100%	0x02 0x1C	Acc G0 Ratio
Cut	Speed factor	100%	0x02 0x1B	Turn Ratio
Sweep	x Start Speed	10mm/s	0x02 0x24	X Min Eng Velocity
Sweep	y Start Speed	10mm/s	0x02 0x34	Y Min Eng Velocity
Sweep	x Acc	10000.000mm/s2	0x02 0x25	X Eng Acc
Sweep	y Acc	3000mm/s2	0x02 0x35	Y Eng Acc
Sweep	Line Shift Speed	100 mm/s	0x00 0x0E	Eng Vert Velocity
Sweep	Scan Mode	Common Mode
Sweep	Facula Size	80%	0x00 0x0B	Eng Facula
Sweep	Engraving factor	100	0x02 0x37	Eng Acc Ratio
Feeding	Delay before feed	0s	0x02 0x0B	Feed Delay Prior
Feeding	Delay after feed	0ms	0x02 0x07	Feed Delay After
Feeding	Progressive Feeding	No
Feeding	Progressive feeding repay	0mm	0x02 0x17	Array Feed Repay
Feeding	Last feeding	Yes
Home	Home speed	20mm/s	0x00 0x0C	Home Velocity
Home	Auto home X	Yes	0x00 0x20	Axis Control Para 1
Home	Auto home Y	Yes	0x00 0x30	Axis Control Para 2
Home	Auto home Z	No	0x00 0x40	Axis Control Para 3
Home	Auto home U	No	0x00 0x50	Axis Control Para 4
Go Scale	Go scale mode	Close laser
Go Scale	Go scale blank	0 mm	0x02 0x0F	Go Scale Blank
Other	Array processing	Bi-dir Array
Other	Return position	Absolute Origin	0x00 0x10	System Control Mode
Other	Focus depth	5mm	0x02 0x0E	Focus Depth
Other	Backlash X	0mm	0x00 0x2B	Axis Backlash 1
Other	Backlash Y	0mm	0x00 0x3B	Axis Backlash 2
Panel	Enable Speed shift	No
Panel	Fast moving	100 mm/s	0x02 0x31	Manual Fast Speed
Panel	Slow moving	10mm/s	0x02 0x32	Manual Slow Speed

System Settings Parameter:

Setting	Value	V
0x0000	Return Position=Origin
0x4000	Return Position=No return
0x8000	Return Position=Absolute Origin

Machine Status:

    0x10 = IsMove

Examples

Example 1, Simple Rect

In this example we'll see a very basic project cutting a quickly drawn rectangle.

Command	Interpretation	Comment
d810	Ref Point Mode 2
f0	Ref Point Set
e601	Set Absolute
f10200	Enable Block Cutting (0)
d800	Start Process
e70600000000000000000000	Feed Repeat (0, 0)
e70300000b51120000021258	Process TopLeft (7504.330709, 1384.251969)
e707000011164c0000064e02	Process BottomRight(11079.527559, 4263.385827)
e75000000b51120000021258	Document Min Point(58.622047, 21136660.866142)
e751000011164c0000064e02	Document Max Point(11079.527559, 4263.385827)
e7040001000100000000000000000000	Process Repeat (1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
e70500	Array Direction (0)
c904000000060d20	0, Speed 100.000000mm/s
c631001319	0, Power 1 Min=(14.996338)
c632001828	0, Power 1 Max=(14.996338)
c641002632	0, Power 2 Min (29.992676)
c642002632	0, Power 2 Max (29.992676)
c635002632	0, Power 3 Min (29.992676)
c636002632	0, Power 3 Max (29.992676)
c637002632	0, Power 4 Min (29.992676)
c638002632	0, Power 4 Max (29.992676)
ca06000000000000	0, Color #000000
ca410000	0, Work Mode 0
e7520000000b51120000021258	0, Min Point(7504.330709, 1384.251969)
e75300000011164c0000064e02	0, MaxPoint(11079.527559, 4263.385827)
e7610000000b51120000021258	0, MinPointEx(7504.330709, 1384.251969)
e76200000011164c0000064e02	0, MaxPointEx(11079.527559, 4263.385827)
ca2200	0, Max Layer
e754000000030650	Pen Offset 0: 1968.503937
e754010000030650	Pen Offset 1: 1968.503937
e755000000000000	Layer Offset 0: 0.000000
e755010000000000	Layer Offset 1: 0.000000
f10300000306500000030650	Display Offset (1968.503937,1968.503937)
f10000	Element Max Index (0)
f10100	Element Name Max Index(0)
f20000	Element Index (0)
f20100	Element Name Index (0)
f202052a391c41046a150820	Element Name (b'\x05*9\x1cA\x04j\x15\x08 ')
f20300000b51120000021255	Element Array Min Point (7504.330709,1384.133858)
f20400001116500000064e03	Element Array Max Point (11079.685039,4263.425197)
f20600000000000000000000	Element Array Add (0.000000,0.000000)
f20700	Element Array Mirror (0)
f205000100017f7f7a3a430000043b2d	Element Array (1, 1, -1, -710, -7808, 4, 7597)
ea00	Array Start (0)
e76000	Set Current Element Index (0)
e71300000b51120000021255	Array Min Point (7504.330709,1384.133858)
e71700001116500000064e03	Array Max Point (11079.685039,4263.425197)
e72300000000000000000000	Array Add (0.000000,0.000000)
e72400	Array Mirror 0
e708000100017f7f7a3a430000043b2d	Array Repeat (1, 1, -1, -710, -7808, 4, 7597)
ca0100	End Layer
ca0200	0, Layer Number
ca0130	EnLaser2Offset 0
ca0110	Layer Device 0
ca0113	Air Assist On
c9020000060d20	Speed Laser 1 100.000000mm/s
c6150000000000	Laser On2 0.000000ms
c6160000000000	Laser Off2 0.000000ms
c6011319	Power 1 min=14.996338
c6021828	Power 1 max=18.994141
c6212632	Power 2 min=29.992676
c6222632	Power 2 max=29.992676
c6052632	Power 3 min=29.992676
c6062632	Power 3 max=29.992676
c6072632	Power 4 min=29.992676
c6082632	Power 4 max=29.992676
ca030d	EnLaserTube Start
ca1000	EnExIO Start 0
8800001116500000021256	Move Absolute (11079.685039, 1384.173228)
a800000b51120000021256	Cut Absolute (7504.330709, 1384.173228)
a800000b51120000064e03	Cut Absolute (7504.330709, 4263.425197)
a800001116500000064e03	Cut Absolute (11079.685039, 4263.425197)
a800001116500000021256	Cut Absolute (11079.685039, 1384.173228)
eb	Array End
e700	Block End
da01062000000002470000000247	Set Param 06 20 (None) = [0, 0, 0, 2, 71, 0, 0, 0, 2, 71]
d7	End Of File

Example #2 three rect

This time we'll use the same rectangle but add another rectangle with different properties to the mix. And then the first rectangle properties again.

Header text	Header text	Header text
d810	Ref Point Mode 2
f0	Ref Point Set
e601	Set Absolute
f10200	Enable Block Cutting (0)
d800	Start Process
e70600000000000000000000	Feed Repeat (0, 0)
e7030000052d3c0000021258	Process TopLeft (3454.330709, 1384.251969)
e707000011164c00000c3f3a	Process BottomRight(11079.527559, 8060.236220)
e7500000052d3c0000021258	Document Min Point(26.968504, 42273310.944882)
e751000011164c00000c3f3a	Document Max Point(11079.527559, 8060.236220)
e7040001000100000000000000000000	Process Repeat (1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
e70500	Array Direction (0)
c904000000060d20	0, Speed 100.000000mm/s
c631001319	0, Power 1 Min=(14.996338)
c632001828	0, Power 1 Max=(14.996338)
c641002632	0, Power 2 Min (29.992676)
c642002632	0, Power 2 Max (29.992676)
c635002632	0, Power 3 Min (29.992676)
c636002632	0, Power 3 Max (29.992676)
c637002632	0, Power 4 Min (29.992676)
c638002632	0, Power 4 Max (29.992676)
ca06000000000000	0, Color #000000
ca410000	0, Work Mode 0
e7520000000a31080000021258	0, Min Point(6697.637795, 1384.251969)
e75300000011164c00000c3f3a	0, MaxPoint(11079.527559, 8060.236220)
e7610000000a31080000021258	0, MinPointEx(6697.637795, 1384.251969)
e76200000011164c00000c3f3a	0, MaxPointEx(11079.527559, 8060.236220)
c904010000047100	1, Speed 80.000000mm/s
c631013f7f	1, Power 1 Min=(49.993896)
c632013f7f	1, Power 1 Max=(49.993896)
c641012632	1, Power 2 Min (29.992676)
c642012632	1, Power 2 Max (29.992676)
c635012632	1, Power 3 Min (29.992676)
c636012632	1, Power 3 Max (29.992676)
c637012632	1, Power 4 Min (29.992676)
c638012632	1, Power 4 Max (29.992676)
ca0601000000017f	1, Color #ff0000
ca410100	1, Work Mode 0
e752010000052d3c0000065d5c	1, Min Point(3454.330709, 4342.519685)
e75301000008066400000a537e	1, MaxPoint(5194.488189, 6873.622047)
e761010000052d3c0000065d5c	1, MinPointEx(3454.330709, 4342.519685)
e76201000008066400000a537e	1, MaxPointEx(5194.488189, 6873.622047)
ca2201	1, Max Layer
e754000000030650	Pen Offset 0: 1968.503937
e754010000030650	Pen Offset 1: 1968.503937
e755000000000000	Layer Offset 0: 0.000000
e755010000000000	Layer Offset 1: 0.000000
f10300000306500000030650	Display Offset (1968.503937,1968.503937)
f10000	Element Max Index (0)
f10100	Element Name Max Index(0)
f20000	Element Index (0)
f20100	Element Name Index (0)
f202052a391c41046a150820	Element Name (b'\x05*9\x1cA\x04j\x15\x08 ')
f2030000052d3d0000021255	Element Array Min Point (3454.370079,1384.133858)
f204000011165000000c3f3a	Element Array Max Point (11079.685039,8060.236220)
f20600000000000000000000	Element Array Add (0.000000,0.000000)
f20700	Element Array Mirror (0)
f2050001000100000b691200000a2c64	Element Array (1, 1, 0, 1513, 2304, 10, 5732)
ea00	Array Start (0)
e76000	Set Current Element Index (0)
e7130000052d3d0000021255	Array Min Point (3454.370079,1384.133858)
e717000011165000000c3f3a	Array Max Point (11079.685039,8060.236220)
e72300000000000000000000	Array Add (0.000000,0.000000)
e72400	Array Mirror 0
e7080001000100000b691200000a2c64	Array Repeat (1, 1, 0, 1513, 2304, 10, 5732)
ca0100	End Layer
ca0200	0, Layer Number
ca0130	EnLaser2Offset 0
ca0110	Layer Device 0
ca0113	Air Assist On
c9020000060d20	Speed Laser 1 100.000000mm/s
c6150000000000	Laser On2 0.000000ms
c6160000000000	Laser Off2 0.000000ms
c6011319	Power 1 min=14.996338
c6021828	Power 1 max=18.994141
c6212632	Power 2 min=29.992676
c6222632	Power 2 max=29.992676
c6052632	Power 3 min=29.992676
c6062632	Power 3 max=29.992676
c6072632	Power 4 min=29.992676
c6082632	Power 4 max=29.992676
ca030d	EnLaserTube Start
ca1000	EnExIO Start 0
8800001116500000021256	Move Absolute (11079.685039, 1384.173228)
a800000b51120000021256	Cut Absolute (7504.330709, 1384.173228)
a800000b51120000064e03	Cut Absolute (7504.330709, 4263.425197)
a800001116500000064e03	Cut Absolute (11079.685039, 4263.425197)
a800001116500000021256	Cut Absolute (11079.685039, 1384.173228)
ca0100	End Layer
ca0201	1, Layer Number
ca0130	EnLaser2Offset 0
ca0110	Layer Device 0
ca0113	Air Assist On
c9020000047100	Speed Laser 1 80.000000mm/s
c6150000000000	Laser On2 0.000000ms
c6160000000000	Laser Off2 0.000000ms
c6013f7f	Power 1 min=49.993896
c6023f7f	Power 1 max=49.993896
c6212632	Power 2 min=29.992676
c6222632	Power 2 max=29.992676
c6052632	Power 3 min=29.992676
c6062632	Power 3 max=29.992676
c6072632	Power 4 min=29.992676
c6082632	Power 4 max=29.992676
ca030d	EnLaserTube Start
ca1000	EnExIO Start 0
8800000806670000065d5c	Move Absolute (5194.606299, 4342.519685)
a80000052d3e0000065d5c	Cut Absolute (3454.409449, 4342.519685)
a80000052d3e00000a5401	Cut Absolute (3454.409449, 6873.740157)
a8000008066700000a5401	Cut Absolute (5194.606299, 6873.740157)
a800000806670000065d5c	Cut Absolute (5194.606299, 4342.519685)
ca0100	End Layer
ca0200	0, Layer Number
ca0130	EnLaser2Offset 0
ca0110	Layer Device 0
ca0113	Air Assist On
c9020000060d20	Speed Laser 1 100.000000mm/s
c6150000000000	Laser On2 0.000000ms
c6160000000000	Laser Off2 0.000000ms
c6011319	Power 1 min=14.996338
c6021828	Power 1 max=18.994141
c6212632	Power 2 min=29.992676
c6222632	Power 2 max=29.992676
c6052632	Power 3 min=29.992676
c6062632	Power 3 max=29.992676
c6072632	Power 4 min=29.992676
c6082632	Power 4 max=29.992676
ca030d	EnLaserTube Start
ca1000	EnExIO Start 0
8800000c5b2300000a313d	Move Absolute (8200.433071, 6699.724409)
a800000a310500000a313d	Cut Absolute (6697.519685, 6699.724409)
a800000a310500000c3f3a	Cut Absolute (6697.519685, 8060.236220)
a800000c5b2300000c3f3a	Cut Absolute (8200.433071, 8060.236220)
a800000c5b2300000a313d	Cut Absolute (8200.433071, 6699.724409)
eb	Array End
e700	Block End
da01062000000005320000000532	Set Param 06 20 (None) = [0, 0, 0, 5, 50, 0, 0, 0, 5, 50]
d7	End Of File

Links

Official

ThunderLaser

Other Sources

Roger Clarke Network Aware Laser Cutter Security.
Fablab - Detail Rich Ruida Breakdown.
Reverse Engineering of Laser Cutter Controller RDLxxx and RDCAM Software

Ruida

Contents

Introduction

Models

644XG

644XS

320

633X

634XG

654XG

Card Values

Protocol

UDP:50200

UDP:50207

USB

Swizzling

Ruida Encoding

Structure

Header

Body

Data Types

Commands

Properties

Default Values

Examples

Example 1, Simple Rect

Example #2 three rect

Links

Official

Other Sources

Navigation menu

Ruida

Introduction

Models

644XG

644XS

320

633X

634XG

654XG

Card Values

Protocol

UDP:50200

UDP:50207

USB

Swizzling

Ruida Encoding

Structure

Header

Body

Data Types

Commands

Properties

Default Values

Examples

Example 1, Simple Rect

Example #2 three rect

Links

Official

Other Sources

Navigation menu

Slow Search