Learning strategy

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Types of learning strategies

• Metacognition
• General problem-solving heuristics
• Disciplinary heuristics (e.g. "Look at this and that" kind of advice)

Warr & Allan (1998) distinguish between three categories according to the kind of resources used in the regulation of behavior: # Cognitive learning strategies: skills in rehearsing a material to be learned or in organizing it into main theme

1. behavioral learning strategies: preferences for seeking help from others, for trial and error or for written instruction
2. self-regulating strategies: controlling emotions, motivation and comprehension [1]

Metacognition

See the metacognition article.

• Blakey and Spence (1990) describe techniques that facilitate metacognition, or "thinking about thinking." Citing the educational value of student-owned learning, the authors suggest that thinking about one's own behavior is the first step towards directing that behavior and learning how to learn. The strategies they discuss as a means to developing metacognition include: "identifying 'what you know' and 'what you don't know'"; "talking about thinking"; "keeping a journal"; "planning and self-regulation"; "debriefing the thinking process"; and "self-evaluation."

References

• Barrell, J. (1995). Teaching for thoughtfulness: Classroom strategies to enhance intellectual development. White Plains, NY: Longman.

• Blakey, E., & Spence, S. (1990). Developing metacognition. ERIC Digest [2]

• Depover Christian, Bruno De Lièvre, Jean-Jacques Quintin, Filippo Porco et Cédric Floquet. Quelques concepts clés issus du modèle cognitiviste, dans Les modèles d'enseignement et d'apprentissage.

• Paris, S.G, Cross, D.R., & Lipson, M.Y. (1984, December). Informed strategies for learning: A program to improve children's reading awareness and comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(6), 1239-1252.

• Swartz, R.J., & Perkins, D.N. (1989). Teaching thinking: Issues and approaches. Pacific Grove, CA: Midwest Publications.