Design thinking
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Introduction
Types of design thinking
Johansson-Sköldberg et al. (2013). [1] distinguish five types of design thinking.
- Design and designerly thinking as the creation of artefacts (Simon, 1969) [2]
- Design and designerly thinking as a reflexive practice (Schön, 1983).[3]
- Design and designerly thinking as a problem‐solving activity (Buchanan, 1992 based on Rittel and Webber, 1973).
- Design and designerly thinking as a way of reasoning/making sense of things (Lawson, 2006 [1980]; Cross, 2006, 2011).
- Design and designerly thinking as creation of meaning (Krippendorff, 2006).
Bibliography
- ↑ Johansson-Sköldberg, U., Woodilla, J., & Çetinkaya, M. (2013). Design Thinking: Past, Present and Possible Futures. Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(2), 121–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12023
- ↑ Simon, H. (1969) The Sciences of the Artificial, 1st edn. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
- ↑ Schön, D. A., & Wiggins, G. (1992). Kinds of Seeing in Designing. Creativity and Innovation Management, 1(2), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.1992.tb00031.x