Experience sampling

Definition

Experience sampling or experience sampling method (ESM) refer to set of techniques to capture people's behaviors, thoughts, or feelings as they occur in real-time. This would include "naïve" accounts of critical events but also more "processed" representations.

Citation from Tamilin Conner's Experience Sampling Resource Page:

Originally, the term ESM was used to refer to a particular technique involving random signaling of participants during their daily lives, although today ESM is sometimes used more broadly to refer to any procedure that has three qualities -- assessment of experiences in natural settings, in real-time (or close to the occurrence of the experience being reported), and on repeated time occasions. As such, reports can be made in response to a random signal (e.g., emitted by a pager or PDA), at pre-determined times during the day (e.g., daily diary) or following particular events (e.g., interaction with a loved one). Some people refer to ESM in the strict sense (to refer to random signaling sampling), others in the general sense.

Experience sampling is a popular methodology in flow research and according to Conner it was Larson & Csikszentmihalyi (1983) who coined the term experience sampling method.

Links

Web sites

• ... ?

People and research groups

• Tamlin Conner

Tutorials and introductions

• Experience Sampling Methods: the Theory and Practice of Measuring Behavior In Situ by T. Conner, Boston Colledge (dead link to be replaced ....). (DSchneider likes this introduction).

• A practical guide to experience-sampling procedures - Psychology by Tamlin Conner Christensen, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Eliza Bliss-Moreau, Kirsten Lebo And Cynthia Kaschub

Software and services

• Survey Signal is an easy to use, web-based system designed to conduct mobile experience sampling using participants' own smartphones. It combines a participant signup system and the use of text messages as signals (containing individualized links to smartphone-compatible online surveys).

• movisensXS is a research tool to assess the ongoing behavior, experience and environmental aspects of humans in everyday life. An easy to use web-based tool even allows designing complex eXperience Sampling studies without doing any programming. Subjective and objective data is captured by the participant with android smartphones.

• ESP: The Experience Sampling Program: Quote: “SP is a free, open-source software package for running questionnaires, surveys, or experiments on a Palm Pilot or compatible handheld computer. ESP asks questions of your participants and records their answers and their response times. The data may later be uploaded to a computer for analysis. [...]”. ESP works on either Win or Linux and was developed at Boston College by Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett and programmed by Dr. Daniel J. Barrett.

Bibliography

• Conner Christensen, T., Feldman Barrett, L., Bliss-Moreau, E., Lebo, K. & Kaschub, C. (2003). A practical guide to experience-sampling procedures, Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 53-78. (Good primer - DSchneider)
• Fischer, J. E. (2009). Experience-Sampling Tools : a Critical Review. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 57(3), 1-3. ACM Press. Retrieved from http://www.crg.computer-science.nottingham.ac.uk/~jef/ESMtoolsReview_MLL09_jef_FINAL.pdf
• Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1983). The experience sampling method. New Directions for Methodology of Social and Behavioral Science, 15, 41-56.
• Matthias R. Mehl and Tamlin S. Conner (2011). (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily, Guilford Press, ISBN 978-1-60918-747-7