Learning contract
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Introduction
According to [1], “Knowles (1975, 1986, 1987) [2], who pioneered the development of the concept and application of learning contracts, uses the terms contract learning and learning contracts interchangeably and explains that,
- "It is the method of choice when regular courses are not available in a particular subject, when learners cannot attend campus-based courses, when desired learning cut across disciplines, when there is a wide range of differences among learners, and when instructors or institutions have a commitment to develop the skills of self-directed learning. (Knowles, 1986, p. 42-43)[3]
Another more specific form of contract learning is ‘contract grading.’ It is to make “an agreement between a teacher and a student at the beginning of a course as to the grade the student expects to receive and the amount and quality of work he is expected to produce to earn this grade” (Berte, 1975, p. 1)[4]. The main purpose of using a contract grading strategy is to help learners build serious commitment for producing agreed or sometimes negotiated learning outcomes.”
Bibliography
- ↑ Chyung, S. Y. (2007). Invisible Motivation of Online Adult Learners during Contract Learning. Journal of Educators Online, 4(1), 1. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ907744.pdf
- ↑ Knowles, M. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- ↑ Knowles, M. (1986). Using learning contracts. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- ↑ Bert, N. R. (1975). Individualization and contracting. In N. Bert (Ed.), New directions for higher education: Individualizing education by learning contracts (pp. 1-7). San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.