Project-oriented learning

Definition

• “‘Projects‘ are tasks of research and development which are limited in time and with which students, individually or in groups, are introduced to the contents and methods of the subject and to autonomous work” (Eckstein 1978:134 cited by Burdewick, 2003).

Typologies

Cornwall and Schmidthals (1979) cited by Burdewick (2003:4):

1. Type A: The project work represents the final part of a conventional, subject-related course of study.
2. Type B: Working in projects takes place parallel to the conventional systematic courses, and from the beginning of the studies. It is regarded as important here that the task be as realistic as possible, which can be achieved by including industry and the public, for example. Key qualifications, such as communication abilities or problem solving skills, shall be acquired in the project work, in addition to subjectrelated knowledge.
3. Type C: The project is regarded as a main element in a course of study. The conventional, subject-related courses are subordinate to the project work, they serve as a support of the project work. Here, the subject-related contents to be learnt are exclusively selected on the basis of the practical and theoretical requirements of the project work.

References

• Burdewick, Ingrid (2003), Aspects Of Methodology And Education Psychology In Project-Oriented Studies, International Workshop on Project Oriented Learning, March 2003, Hanzehogeschool Groningen, Faculty of Technology. [1]

• Eckstein, B. (1978). Einmaleins der Hochschullehre. Praktische Einführung in die Grundlagen und Methoden. München

Frey, K. K.: (1998). Die Projektmethode. Der Weg zum bildenden Tun. Weinheim/Basel.