Social bookmarking

Introduction

According to the Longman Dictionary of contemporary English, bookmarking means "to save the address of a page on the Internet so that you can find it again easily".

According to http://www.educause.edu/, social bookmarking is "the practise of saving bookmarks to a public Web site and 'tagging' them with keywords".

To create a list of social bookmarks, you need to register with a social bookmarking site, which is a website that allows you to store bookmarks associating tags of your own choice with them and designing individual bookmarks as public or private.

Visitors to social bookmarking sites can search for the resources they need by keywords, author of the list or popularity.

Social bookmarking is particularly useful when collecting a certain number of resources that are to be shared with others, but it is extremely useful as well if you want those resources to be available when your not using your own computer.

Tools like social bookmarking websites give users the possibility to express, and especially to share, different perspectives on information and resources stored according to folksonomies, which are categories created by common people, as opposed to taxonomies, which are categories created by experts.

Definitions

• Bookmarking in the context of ICT means to save a link in some place (e.g. the bookmarks manager of a web browser) and optionally add metadata (keywords, description, title, ..).

There are several forms of shared (or social) bookmarking:

(1) “Social bookmarking is a web based service, where shared lists of user-created Internet bookmarks are displayed. Social bookmarking sites generally organize their content using tags. Social bookmarking sites are an increasingly popular way to locate, classify, rank, and share Internet resources through the practice of tagging and inferences drawn from grouping and analysis of tags.” (Wikipedia)

Social bookmarking is a kind of social software that can be associated with Web 2.0 and that uses some kind of folksonomic tagging system.

(2) On the opposite, Links managers (e.g. directories like DMOZ) is a kind of social software that is associated with pre-web 2.0. The taxonomy is made by the system administrateors and users just add links. Of course, one could imagine that users were also given permission to add categories.

(3) There are some more individual bookmarking tools that allow some form of sharing or exporting.

(4) Specialized tools exist for very specific kinds of links.

• E.g. social reference managers like Connotea or citation indexes like CiteSeer

(5) Combined tools, e.g. that allow notetaking, share digitial artifacts like web publications, etc.

Social bookmarking vs. Links managers

• Social bookmarking is faster, but messier

• Links managers are more organized, but suffer from hierarchical browsing. Better sites like DMOZ or Yahoo provide at least aliases that allow to put subcategories within several categories. This is not the case with simple systems, e.g. the links manager of PostNuke.

In educational websites, it is probably best to use link managers:

• if you wish to to provide clear and stable links hierarchy
• if you have to order resources for well defined subject areas
• if most entries are teacher made (who carefully selects them)

It is probably a better idea to use folksonomies:

• if you ask students to collect loads of links
• if you have a hard time figuring out where to "put things".

A compromise is to agree on a set of terms (e.g. on a wiki page)

See also: the discussion in tagging.

Educational Usage

Social bookmarking software like del.icio.us can be used to have students create shared repositories of knowledge. Tagging information resources with keywords has the potential to change how we store and find information. Social bookmarking simplifies the distribution of reference lists, bibliographies, papers and other resources among students and also teachers.

But there are some negative aspects to such tag-based systems as well. As highlited in Wikipedia, there is no standard set of keywords nor of the structure of such tags (e.g. singular vs. plural, capitalization, etc.), tags that can have more than one meaning and no mechanism for users to indicate hierarchical relationships between tags (e.g. a site might be tagged with both the words 'oak' and 'tree', with no mechanism that indicates that 'oak' is a sub-class of 'tree').

Educational Usage in Language Learning

Through Social bookmarking you can not only discover online materials but also tag and above all share your resources with everybody on the Net. It might be used for searching for whatever you are interested in ,also in language learning, by typing tags that describe what kind of online materials you are looking for. You search, you tag, you share.

A social bookmarking software is not a search engine: indeed there’s no interaction when you use e.g. Google or Yahoo because they give you just a list of resources selected by the server, instead through e.g. Delicious you find materials that are marked by other people not by a machine, for this reason they might be more significant and meaningful.

When you are surfing on Internet and find websites you consider interesting you can create your own group of websites by tagging them. By putting a tag you mark not only a web resource for yourself but make it traceable because every user who is looking for e.g. learning might discover it by typing one of the tags you used. Indeed you should use some different words as tags to help others in finding them not only one single tag. In this way social bookmarking "becomes social" because it is not something that involves only one single person for themselves but many individuals as a whole, as a community.

Social bookmarking offers also another big advantage to all users that is making the distribution of reference lists, bibliographies, papers and other resources simpler.

It is clear that you can use social bookmarking for several purposes it depends on what you are interested in. Concerning educational aims it is obviously a very useful tool for finding new interesting websites but it allows them also to share with their classmates the materials they found by creating their own network. Also language learning can benefit from it because by typing tags such as English as second language (ESL), language learning and so on students may discover meaningful materials that might contribute to their learning.

Examples

• Del.icio.us (Wikipedia entry) is today's most popular social bookmarking site.

• de.lirio.us is an open source clone.

• DMoz is the best Yahoo-like directory project.

Links

• Large list of free bookmark managers

References

Références

• Hammond, T., Hannay, T., Lund, B., & Scott, J. (2005). Social Bookmarking Tools (I) A General Review. D-Lib Magazine, 11(4).
• Lund, B., Hammond, T., Flack, M., & Hannay, T. (2005). Social Bookmarking Tools (II) A Case Study - Connotea. D-Lib Magazine.
• Catherine, Hays. October 2006. Delicious - social bookmarking. Retrieved December 15,2006 from [1]
• Rick, Wash. Emilee, Rader. November 2006. Tagging with Del.icio.us: Social or Selfish? Retrieved December 15, 2006 from [2]
• Cyprien, Lomas. May 2005. 7 Things You Should Know about Social Bookmarking. Retrieved December 15, 2006 from [3]
• Martin, Owen. Lyndsay, Grant. Steve, Sayers. Keri, Facer. Social Software and Learning. Retrieved December 15, 2006 from [4]
• Bryan, Alexander. March 2006.Web 2.0: A New Wave of Innovation for Teaching and Learning? Retrieved December 15, 2006 from [5]
• Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2003)
• 7 Things you should know about social bookmarking (retrieved April 17,2007)
• http://en.wikipedia.org (retrieved April 26,2007)
• What is delicious? What can I use delicious for? (retrieved April 26,2007)