Illustrator for laser cutting and engraving: Difference between revisions
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==How to create a 8 cm diameter badge== | ==How to create a 8 cm diameter badge== | ||
=== Create the project === | === Create the project and the outer circle=== | ||
Start with opening a new project and set its size to be 802 mm (800 mm for the circle and 2 mm to work as a margin). It is possible to change the units (if not already in millimiters) by selecting the right unit from the drop-down menu, as shown in the picture below. | Start with opening a new project and set its size to be '''802 mm''' (800 mm for the circle and 2 mm to work as a margin). It is possible to change the units (if not already in millimiters) by selecting the right unit from the drop-down menu, as shown in the picture below. | ||
[[ | |||
[[Image:Create new project.png|thumb|600px|none|left| How to change the units in Illustrator]] | |||
To later align the 8 cm circle to the center of the page one can use the rulers or align the circle to the center of the Artboard. | |||
*To show the rulers, either click '''Ctrl+R''' (or '''Cmd+R''' for Mac users) or go to '''View>Rulers>Show rulers'''. | |||
*To show the align menu, go to '''Window''' and select '''Align'''. A menu will appear on your workspace. | |||
[[Image:Alignment.png|thumb|600px|none|left| Show align menu in Illustrator]] | |||
To draw the circle, select the ellipse shape in the tool menu on the left and drag the shape while holding the shift key in order to draw a perfect circle. If the ellipse tool is not available directly, click on the small triangle on the right bottom corner of the shape tool: all the shapes will appear. | |||
[[Image:Show ellipse tool.png|thumb|600px|none|left|Show ellipse tool in Illustrator]] | |||
Once the circle is created, select it and adjust its size to be 800 mm on both height and width from the Transform panel. | |||
[[Image:Transform shape.png|thumb|600px|none|left|Resize shape in Illustrator]] | |||
At this point, align it to the center of the Artboard, remove the fill and set the stroke weight to be '''0,01''' mm and change the colour to red ('''RGB: 255, 0, 0'''). This is the circle that the laser will cut, is therefore important to set the right colour and stroke weight. | |||
If the stroke units are not set to millimetres, is possible to change them. Go to "Preference" in the Control Panel (the panel that runs across the document window), select '''Units''' and change to millimetres the units for the stroke, as shown in the image below. | |||
[[Image:Control Panel preferences Illustrator.png|thumb|600px|none|left|How to change units preferences in the Control Panel in Illustrator]] | |||
=== Align to pixel grid option === | |||
It is possible that, despite having set all the units to millimetres, you are not able to reduce the stroke weight down to 0,01 mm. This is probably due to the fact that the '''Align to pixel grid''' option is checked in the Transform panel. This Illustrator feature allows to create sharp images for the web. The pixel grid assumes the smallest measurement is 1 pixel (1 point, or 0,1 mm) so you can't draw a stroke smaller than 1px (or 1 pt or 0,1 mm). | |||
To change this setting go to "Transform" in the Control Panel and uncheck the "Align to pixel grid" option. | |||
[[Image:Align to pixel grid.png|thumb|600px|none|left|How to uncheck the "Align to pixel grid" option in Illustrator]] | |||
==How to create the inner image== | |||
You're now ready to create (or import) the image or text that will be engraved. Make sure that the fill colour is set to black ('''RGB: 0,0,0'''). | |||
All the objects (text and images) that you wish to engrave must have only the fill (no stroke). | |||
=== Outline stroke === | === Outline stroke === | ||
If your object has lines, these must be transformed so has to have only a fill. In order to do so, select the line and go to '''Object>Path>Outline stroke'''. This will transform the line into a shape with no stroke and only fill. | |||
[[Image:Outline stroke in Illustrator.png|thumb|600px|none|left|How to outline stroke in Illustrator]] | |||
=== Expand objects === | === Expand objects === | ||
If you have more complex objects or a text, the principle is the same but the procedure is slightly different. | |||
Even though texts have no stroke, they must be transformed into shapes (paths) in order to be engraved. In order to do so, select the objects, go to '''Object>Expand''' and select either '''Object, Fill, Stroke''', or all of them (depending on what you want to transform). | |||
[[Image:Expand object.png|thumb|600px|none|left|How to expand stroke and fill in Illustrator]] | |||
=== Add text on a path === | |||
We saw in the previous sections how to transform a text into a path. In this section we'll see how to create a text on a path. | |||
To activate the option, click on the small triangle on the right bottom corner of the text tool: all the options will appear. | |||
[[File:Text on a path 1.png|600px|thumb|none|left|Select the "Text on a path" tool]] | |||
Select the "Type on a path tool" and position the mouse cursor on the shape (the path) you want to write on. Click on the shape: you'll see the outline of the stroke "disappear" to leave place for the path on which the text will be written. | |||
[[File:Text on a path2.png|600px|thumb|none|left|Type on the path]] | |||
Select now your text with the with arrow tool (direct selection tool). Two lines will appear next to your text. These lines are used to move the text along the path. You can do one of the following actions: | |||
*Drag the line along the path to move the text along the path. | |||
*Drag the line across the path (towards the centre of the circle) to flip the direction of the text. As a result, the text is on the inner part of the path. | |||
[[File:Text on a path 3.png|600px|thumb|none|left|Drag the line across the path to flip the direction of the text]] | |||
Through the "Text On A Path Options" (in '''Type> Type on path> Type options'''), you can change the Effect, Alignment, Spacing, and Flip of the text. | |||
In particular, the option '''"Align to path : ascender"''', allows you to move the text below the original path. If the option "Flip" is selected together with the option "ascender, the text is flipped on the opposite side of the path (i.e. the text is on the outer part of the path). | |||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> | |||
Type on path options.png|600px|thumb|Type on a path options | |||
Type on path ascender.png|600px|thumb|Type on a path options : ascender | |||
Type on path ascender flip.png|600px|thumb|Type on a path options : ascender + flip | |||
</gallery> | |||
As we did before, before sending the file to the laser cutter, you have to transform the text into a path. Select the text, go to '''Object>Expand''' and select either '''Object, Fill, Stroke''', or all of them (depending on what you want to transform on your text). | |||
== Prepare the file in Illustrator to be printed through InkScape == | == Prepare the file in Illustrator to be printed through InkScape == | ||
If the computer connected to the laser machine doesn't have Illustrator installed, you can export your graphics under the SVG format. | |||
When printing an .svg file created via Illustrator through InkScape, you need to take into account the fact that the two softwares does not use the same resolution. Illustrator exports .svg in 72 dpi, while Inkscape does so in 90 dpi. Therefore you have to scale up your image to 125%, so as to have the correct size when opening the file in InkScape. In order to do so, before exporting: | |||
# Select all the elements you want to scale. | |||
# Go to '''Objet > Transform > Scale''' and select a uniform scale at 125%. Deselect the option '''Scale stroke and effects''' in order to avoid the stroke of outer circle to be affected by the scaling. | |||
# Adjust your Artboard ('''Shift + O''') or change it from '''File>Document Setup>Edit Artboards''' | |||
# Save as .svg | |||
[[Image:Scale image.png|thumb|600px|none|left|How to scale an image in Illustrator]] | |||
== Sources == | == Sources == | ||
Latest revision as of 18:29, 4 February 2020
This article or section is currently under construction
In principle, someone is working on it and there should be a better version in a not so distant future.
If you want to modify this page, please discuss it with the person working on it (see the "history")
Software description
Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor. It's part of the Adobe Creative Cloud suite, and it's sold in a subscription-based model. Illustrator is compatible (although not completely) with InkScape. Both software allow exporting in .svg, PDF, .eps, and .ps formats.
Main Tools
Illustrator has a variety of tools for selecting, drawing, typing, painting, rotating, reshaping, creating graphs, zooming and moving objects (to cite a few). One of the most important tool is the pen tool, which allows to create straight and curve lines, create (and delete) anchor points on paths.
How to create a 8 cm diameter badge
Create the project and the outer circle
Start with opening a new project and set its size to be 802 mm (800 mm for the circle and 2 mm to work as a margin). It is possible to change the units (if not already in millimiters) by selecting the right unit from the drop-down menu, as shown in the picture below.
To later align the 8 cm circle to the center of the page one can use the rulers or align the circle to the center of the Artboard.
- To show the rulers, either click Ctrl+R (or Cmd+R for Mac users) or go to View>Rulers>Show rulers.
- To show the align menu, go to Window and select Align. A menu will appear on your workspace.
To draw the circle, select the ellipse shape in the tool menu on the left and drag the shape while holding the shift key in order to draw a perfect circle. If the ellipse tool is not available directly, click on the small triangle on the right bottom corner of the shape tool: all the shapes will appear.
Once the circle is created, select it and adjust its size to be 800 mm on both height and width from the Transform panel.
At this point, align it to the center of the Artboard, remove the fill and set the stroke weight to be 0,01 mm and change the colour to red (RGB: 255, 0, 0). This is the circle that the laser will cut, is therefore important to set the right colour and stroke weight.
If the stroke units are not set to millimetres, is possible to change them. Go to "Preference" in the Control Panel (the panel that runs across the document window), select Units and change to millimetres the units for the stroke, as shown in the image below.
Align to pixel grid option
It is possible that, despite having set all the units to millimetres, you are not able to reduce the stroke weight down to 0,01 mm. This is probably due to the fact that the Align to pixel grid option is checked in the Transform panel. This Illustrator feature allows to create sharp images for the web. The pixel grid assumes the smallest measurement is 1 pixel (1 point, or 0,1 mm) so you can't draw a stroke smaller than 1px (or 1 pt or 0,1 mm). To change this setting go to "Transform" in the Control Panel and uncheck the "Align to pixel grid" option.
How to create the inner image
You're now ready to create (or import) the image or text that will be engraved. Make sure that the fill colour is set to black (RGB: 0,0,0). All the objects (text and images) that you wish to engrave must have only the fill (no stroke).
Outline stroke
If your object has lines, these must be transformed so has to have only a fill. In order to do so, select the line and go to Object>Path>Outline stroke. This will transform the line into a shape with no stroke and only fill.
Expand objects
If you have more complex objects or a text, the principle is the same but the procedure is slightly different. Even though texts have no stroke, they must be transformed into shapes (paths) in order to be engraved. In order to do so, select the objects, go to Object>Expand and select either Object, Fill, Stroke, or all of them (depending on what you want to transform).
Add text on a path
We saw in the previous sections how to transform a text into a path. In this section we'll see how to create a text on a path. To activate the option, click on the small triangle on the right bottom corner of the text tool: all the options will appear.
Select the "Type on a path tool" and position the mouse cursor on the shape (the path) you want to write on. Click on the shape: you'll see the outline of the stroke "disappear" to leave place for the path on which the text will be written.
Select now your text with the with arrow tool (direct selection tool). Two lines will appear next to your text. These lines are used to move the text along the path. You can do one of the following actions:
- Drag the line along the path to move the text along the path.
- Drag the line across the path (towards the centre of the circle) to flip the direction of the text. As a result, the text is on the inner part of the path.
Through the "Text On A Path Options" (in Type> Type on path> Type options), you can change the Effect, Alignment, Spacing, and Flip of the text. In particular, the option "Align to path : ascender", allows you to move the text below the original path. If the option "Flip" is selected together with the option "ascender, the text is flipped on the opposite side of the path (i.e. the text is on the outer part of the path).
Type on a path options
Type on a path options : ascender
Type on a path options : ascender + flip
As we did before, before sending the file to the laser cutter, you have to transform the text into a path. Select the text, go to Object>Expand and select either Object, Fill, Stroke, or all of them (depending on what you want to transform on your text).
Prepare the file in Illustrator to be printed through InkScape
If the computer connected to the laser machine doesn't have Illustrator installed, you can export your graphics under the SVG format. When printing an .svg file created via Illustrator through InkScape, you need to take into account the fact that the two softwares does not use the same resolution. Illustrator exports .svg in 72 dpi, while Inkscape does so in 90 dpi. Therefore you have to scale up your image to 125%, so as to have the correct size when opening the file in InkScape. In order to do so, before exporting:
- Select all the elements you want to scale.
- Go to Objet > Transform > Scale and select a uniform scale at 125%. Deselect the option Scale stroke and effects in order to avoid the stroke of outer circle to be affected by the scaling.
- Adjust your Artboard (Shift + O) or change it from File>Document Setup>Edit Artboards
- Save as .svg
Sources
- Abobe Illustrator page on Wikipedia
- Illustrator pour la découpe et la gravure laser on EduTechWiki