Electronic portfolio: Difference between revisions

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== Definition ==
== Definition ==


In the realm of education we can distinguish between "teaching portfolios", "learning portfolios" and "course portfolios". In this article we focus on "learning portfolios" or environments that include these. (Maybe we should have a separate entry for teacher portfolios ?? [[User:DSchneider|DSchneider]])
In the realm of education we can distinguish between "teaching portfolios", "learning portfolios" and "course portfolios".  
 
=== Portfolios ===
 
* A portfolio is a purposeful collection of student work that exhibits the student's efforts, progress, and achievements in one or more areas. The collection must include student participation in selecting contents, the criteria for selection; the criteria for judging merit, and evidence of student self-reflection. (Northwest Evaluation Association cited by Barret, 2000).
 
* A portfolio may be defined as a purposeful collection of student work that tells the story of a student's effort, progress and/or achievement in one or more areas (Wade, 2005).
 
 
=== e-Porfolios ===
 
Here are some quotations that provide definitions of e-Porfolios:
 
* Two main purposes of the ePortfolio include: promotion of student centred learning and reflection; career planning and CV building (Tosh).
 
* From Sorensen et al.: "This course uses virtual portfolios as a means of meeting needs for online structure for both learners and tutors. Our experience suggests that the virtual portfolio enhances "awareness", at both the level of learning and instruction (Gutwin et al. 1995) by managing overview of individual/collaborative learning expectation and progress, interactions with peers and instructors, reflection and self-awareness, and feedback and evaluation throughout the learning process. We also suggest that the implementation of portfolios into virtual collaborative learning environments may promote genuine collaboration (Salomon 1995). More specifically, from the instructional perspective, the virtual portfolio also provides structure for the more specific instructional tasks as overview of tutoring, overview of grading, access to past comments, suggestions and recommendations given in the tutoring process, and access to past student submissions with related recommendations.
 
* Learning in a virtual or digital context demands new tools and new methods. I have discussed the potentials of using digital portfolios. I have agued that digital portfolios have several employments: They are a tool for assessing a student's work and progression; for structuring learning and teaching; for enhancing communication and collaboration; for sharing experiences and resources, and finally for supporting the construction of a community of practice. (Tolsby, 2001)
 
 
== Why e-Portfolios ? ==
 
[http://www.cjlt.ca/content/vol31.3/wade.html Wade et al. (2005)] cite the Quebec Education Programme (QEP):
: "The QEP" lists the following as possible advantages of portfolios, they: involve students in their learning (as a tool for reflection); allow students to increase their ability to self-evaluate; teach students to make choices; encourage students to better understand themselves and focus on their strengths; allow students to reflect on their procedures, strategies, and accomplishments so that they can improve and correct them and ultimately succeed; promote feedback during the learning process, particularly during individual conferences; encourage students to reflect on their strengths, needs, errors, interests, challenges, and objectives; encourage interactive processes among students, teachers, and parents; shows student progress because it tracks performance over time; and they are used to assess competencies developed by students."
 
The same authors identifie the following pedagogical value and Potential Benefits of Portfolios:
* Student Self-regulation:
* Metacognitive self-regulation:
* Physical and social environment management:
* Time management:
* Effort regulation:
* Alternative or Authentic Assessment
[[under construction]] (consult the article)
 
 
== Types of Portfolios ==
 
Some authors distinguis between "electronic portfolios", "digital portfolios" and "webfolios". I.e. electronic portfolios contain both computer-readable and analog formats, digital portfolios are computer readable, and webfolios are accessible over the web.
 
According to (Wade et al, 2000):
:Danielson and Abrutyn (1997) identified three main types of portfolios: working, showcase, and assessment. Working (also known as 'process' or 'learning') portfolios contain works in progress, track student learning over time, and may be temporary because students move on to either an assessment or showcase portfolio. Showcase portfolios exhibit the student's best work. They are generally used to demonstrate the level of accomplishment that the student has attained. Students often use showcase portfolios during college applications or for professional employment purposes. Assessment portfolios are structured and standardized with 'the content of the curriculum determining what students select for their portfolios' (p.5).
 
 
=== Stages of Electronig Portfolio Development ===
 
Helen C. Barrett (2000) presents typology of different stages related to multimedia development and which may be adapted to other contexts.
 
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td ><b>Portfolio Development</b></td>
 
<td><b>Stages of Electronic Portfolio
Development</b></td>
 
<td >Multimedia Development</td>
</tr>
 
<tr>
<td >Purpose &amp; Audience</td>
 
<td><b>1. Defining the Portfolio Context &amp; Goals</b></td>
 
<td >Decide, Assess</td>
</tr>
 
<tr>
<td >Collect, Interject</td>
 
<td><b>2. The Working Portfolio</b></td>
 
<td>Design, Plan</td>
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td >Select, Reflect, Direct</td>
 
<td><b>3. The Reflective Portfolio</b></td>
 
<td >Develop</td>
</tr>
 
<tr>
<td>Inspect, Perfect, Connect</td>
 
<td><b>4. The Connected Portfolio</b></td>
 
<td>Implement, Evaluate</td>
</tr>
 
<tr>
<td>Respect (Celebrate)</td>
 
<td><b>5. The Presentation Portfolio</b></td>
 
<td>Present, Publish</td>
</tr>
</table>
 
 
The QESN-R�CIT (2005) identified five stages to the portfolio process for print-based or digital portfolios, (1) collection, (2) selection, (3) reflection, (4) evaluation and (5) celebration.
 
== History of web-based e-portfolios ==
 
Web-based portfolios go back to the mid-nineties, basically a webfolio meant student work presented on-line plus some sort of [[CMC]] to organise a course and also student-student communication. E.g. Takle, on the [http://www.iitap.iastate.edu/gccourse/ global change] website defines the purpose and the benefits of a portfolio:
*Purpose of the portfolio: A portfolio is defined as a "representative and judicious collection of your work." Your portfolio for this course has two fundamental purposes:
*# providing a documentation of your work, and
*# serving as the basis for evaluating your work against given standards.
*Benefits of the portfolio
*#The portfolio provides you the benefits of criteria to be used in judging your work.
*#The portfolio provides you the benefits of direct evidence of your work.
*#The portfolio provides you the benefits of a chance for self-analysis and reflection.
*#A form of "electronic publishing."
See Sorensen et al. for an academic discussion of this website and from which we quote 2 important statements from the conclusion:
:"The paper suggests that although the virtual portfolio in some ways seems to imply more attention and work from the tutor, it represents a strong tool for enhancing what we use to consider as important characteristics of collaborative learning: awareness and genuine collaboration. Through constituting a personal entrance to the learning scene, it enhances overview of learning expectations, learning content, learning goals, learning methods and individual/collaborative activities. Thus, if carefully designed, it facilitates instruction and constitutes a fruitful overview and basis for reflection on - and succeeding improvement of - instructional techniques and methods." (Sorensen et al., Conclusion)
:"We may sum up the general strength of a virtual portfolio as concentrated in a significant ability to create a harmonious tapestry of past, present and future learning activities. The use of a virtual portfolio offers both learner and instructor a general overview and navigational orientation. By acting as a mirror during this evolution of past, present, and future learning, virtual portfolio enhances reflective activity and adds depth to learning in virtual contexts." (Sorensen et al., Conclusion).
 
== Assessment of an electronic porfolio ==
 
Douglas et al. (2004) claim that webfolios "may have the most significant effect on education since the introduction of formal schooling. When fully matured and implemented by capable professional educators throughout every discipline in an educational institution, webfolios promise a viable alternative to current, high-stakes testing, which focuses education on test-taking rather than teaching and learning. The promise webfolios hold - a richer educational experience for all - will not be realized, however, unless educators embrace webfolio concepts and apply them at their highest level of maturation."
 
The authors consider eight physical and theoretical qualities inherent in portfolio/webfolio processes and applications to determine five levels of maturation:
* Level 1 Scrapbook
* Level 2 Curriculum Vitae
* Level 3 Curriculum Collaboration Between Student and Faculty
* Level 4 Mentoring Leading to Mastery
* Level 5 Authentic Evidence as the Authoritative Evidence for Assessment, Evaluation, and Reporting
:The levels of maturation for portfolios/webfolios provide a conceptual framework for understanding webfolios and help readers position themselves in a particular level of webfolio development. The levels also provide conceptual guidance for taking the next step on the path to full implementation of webfolios in teaching and learning. (Douglas, 2004)
 
== Software ==
[[under construction]]
 
* Any sort of web-technology where students and teachers can write can do to some extent, e.g. a webserver or a wiki.
* You also may consider that a snapshot of an [[LMS]] that engages students in on-line production can play the role of an e-Portfolio.
* ....
 
 
== References ==
 
*  Barrett, Helen C. (2000), Create Your Own Electronic Portfolio Using Off-the-Shelf Software to Showcase Your Own or Student Work, Published in Learning & Leading with Technology, April, 2000 [http://electronicportfolios.com/portfolios/iste2k.html]
 
* Batson, T. Electronic Portfolio Boom : What's it all About? Syllabus (2002) [http://www.syllabus.com/article.asp?id=6984]
 
* Danielson, C., & Abrutyn, L. (1997). An introduction to using portfolios in the classroom. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
 
* Love Douglas, Gerry McKean, and Paul Gathercoal, (2004). Portfolios to Webfolios and Beyond: Levels of Maturation, '''Educause Quarterly''' 27 (2). [http://www.educause.edu/pub/eq/eqm04/eqm042.asp]
 
* ePortConsortium (2003), Electronic Portfolio White Paper, [http://www.eportconsortium.org/WhitePaper/whitepaperV1_0.pdf]
 
* Panettieri, Joseph C. (2004). Can ePortfolios Connect? These five smart steps can help you navigate perilous ePortfolio territory., '''University Business'''.
 
* QESN-R�CIT. (2005). Portfolio process: On-line resources for teachers. Retrieved June 11, 2005 from http://www.qesn.meq.gouv.qc.ca/portfolio/ port_eng.html
 
* Sorensen, E.K, Takle, E.S., Taber, M.R. and Fils.D., CSCL: Structuring the Past, Present and Future Through Virtual Portfolios, [http://www.hum.aau.dk/~vipol/papers/elsebeth/cscl1.htm].
 
* Tolsby, H. (1001). Digital Portfolios: a Tool for Learning, Self-Reflection, Sharing and Collaboration, [http://www.hum.aau.dk/~hakont/papers/portfolios.htm]


* Tolsby, H. & Sorensen, E.K. Designing Virtual Portfolios for Communities of Practice, [http://www.kommunikation.aau.dk/ansatte/es/publikationer/designing.pdf]
See:
* [[learning e-portfolio]]
* teaching portfolio


* Tosh David and Ben Werdmuller, ePortfolios and weblogs: one vision for ePortfolio development
Lorenzo and Ittelson (2005:1) distinguish:
# student e-portfolios: support student advisement, career preparation, and credential documentation;
# teaching e-portfolios: to support sharing of teaching philosophies and practices as well as department and program self-studies;
# institutional e-portfolios: to document institutional and program accreditation processes.


* Wade, Anne, Abrami Philip C., Sclater, Jennifer (2005): An Electronic Portfolio to Support Learning, Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, Volume 31(3). [http://www.cjlt.ca/content/vol31.3/wade.html]
== Links ==


* Wade, R.C., & Yarbrough, D.B. (1996). Portfolios: A tool for reflective thinking in teacher education.Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 12(1), 63\.
* Lorenzo, George and John Ittelson (2005), An Overview of E-Portfolios, EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative, ID: ELI3001, [http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI3001.pdf PDF]


[[Category:educational technologies]]
[[Category: Personal learning environments]]

Latest revision as of 11:45, 21 September 2007

This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title or concept.

If an internal link referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Definition

In the realm of education we can distinguish between "teaching portfolios", "learning portfolios" and "course portfolios".

See:

Lorenzo and Ittelson (2005:1) distinguish:

  1. student e-portfolios: support student advisement, career preparation, and credential documentation;
  2. teaching e-portfolios: to support sharing of teaching philosophies and practices as well as department and program self-studies;
  3. institutional e-portfolios: to document institutional and program accreditation processes.

Links

  • Lorenzo, George and John Ittelson (2005), An Overview of E-Portfolios, EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative, ID: ELI3001, PDF
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