View source for Certificate-of-Open-Studies

=Introduction=
The Certificate of Open Studies (COS) is a new format offered by the Centre for Continuing and Distance Education of the University of Geneva (https://www.unige.ch/files/3415/8271/1574/Statut-20fevrier2020.pdf, art. 65). The COS in Education in emergency contexts (COS EiE), takes the form of a seven-months training of trainers’ course that is co-created by three main stakeholders, namely academics - [https://www.unige.ch/fapse/erdie/ ERDIE] and ENS - [https://www.uam.edu.ne/ University Abdou Moumouni], NGOs - mainly Yara lnc and AEDL-Espoir and [https://www.unige.ch/inzone/ InZone] who coordinates action. The COS EiE is worth 12 [https://www.swissuniversities.ch/en/themen/lehre/bologna-20-jahre/bologna-reform/ects ECTS], represents 240 to 300 student working hours and will start in October 2023. This page centralises some resources for Module designers and documents some of the design process. <br>The C'''O'''S relies on [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7740-2_5 Openness], [[Open Education]] and [https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/ Open Science], using and producing [[Open_educational_resources|Open Educational Resources]]. 

An academic article is directly related to it: Class, B., Agagliate, T., Akkari, A., Cheikhrouhou, N., & Sagayar, M. (2023). Leveraging Openness for Refugees’ Higher Education: A Freiran perspective to foster Open Cooperation. Open Praxis. https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.15.1.529 ; https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:169402 
= Overall information =
== Framework ==
* Refugee-learners’ local languages are mainly Haussa, Zarma, Fulfulde and Kanuri and they should be enabled to produce assignments in those languages.
* Education in emergencies and Open Education represent the overall context. They can enter in tension at some points and in case this happens, the safety of refugee-learners guides actions.
* [[Open_educational_resources|Open Educational Resources]] (OER), Open platforms and open smartphone applications are recommended with regard to infrastructure, e.g. [https://graasp.org/ Graasp]. Resources and material produced within and for the COS will start or become OER, i.e. enabling the [https://opencontent.org/definition/ 5 R], Retain Reuse Revise Remix Redistribute, mainly with [https://creativecommons.org/about/cclicenses/ CC licences].
* The training shall be designed foregrounding technology that is available in the target audience, i.e. smartphones and optimised files.
==Timeline and design==
The COS design, in its first edition, started on-line in February 2023. It is conceived as a [[Design-based_research|design-based research]], with the intent of starting with a first edition that is progressively fine-tuned. 
The training itself will start in Octobre 2023 and end in April 2024. 
[[File:20230629-COSDesign.png|none|thumb|COS EiE 1st edition : Rolling out]]

== Pedagogical objectives and content ==
Le COS EiE vise à permettre aux participants de : 

* analyser dans une perspective interdisciplinaire les enjeux théoriques et pratiques de l’éducation en situation d’urgence (migration, pauvreté, terrorisme, dérèglement climatique, conflits ethniques, etc.). 
* utiliser les outils et les ressources internationaux et nationaux pour guider la mise en œuvre de projets éducatifs pertinents pour les enfants et les jeunes réfugiés et déplacés internes
* concevoir des activités pédagogiques innovantes qui favorisent la protection, le développement et l’apprentissage en situation d’urgence 

Module 1: Participation communautaire et gestion des écoles en situation d’urgence

Module 2: Concepts et cadres internationaux pour l’éducation en situation d’urgence

Module 3: Approches transversales des diversités

Module 4: Alternatives éducatives et alphabétisation des adultes

Module 5: Innovation pédagogique, curriculum et digitalisation dans les contextes fragiles

Module 6: Bonnes pratiques d’éducation et de formation en Afrique (Module d'intégration avec accompagnement à distance du travail personnel des participants et journées présentielles)

=Basics for course designers’ start: Key pedagogical concepts=
== Empowering learners ==
In the Middle Ages, when European universities started, especially in the Bologna model (and we are in the Bologna reform since 1998), learners decided what they wanted to learn and which courses  teachers should teach them. In the COS, course designers are invited to take into account participants’ conceptions, interests, knowledge and real needs with regard to a module content. To do so, activities are deisgned to invite participants to think about their reality and progressively be able, module after module, to integrate adapted and contextualised examples in their own project. Ideally, and in the longer term, participants should be free to choose a customised path according to their interests. Within this first edition, and for some activities, participants should already be able to use the language of their choice to complete assignments.

E. Wenger, during his conference on [https://www.eduhub.ch/events/eduhub-days-2023/ 15.02.2023], showed why learning theories matter and foregrounded two approaches: the "cognitive view" which considers "learning as the transmission of certainty" and the "social view" which considers "learning as the mutual engagement of uncertainty". In the COS, we are certainly more into the second one, which also echoes Freire's educating towards liberation.  

==Oral pedagogies==
Indigenous / endegenous learning strategies are starting to emerge. To get some insights with regard to Africa, you may refer to Colleagues' work:
* [https://www.globethics.net/documents/10131/26882205/GE_Repenser_e%CC%81ducation_isbn9782889314546.pdf Moussa Mohamed Sagayar]'s (chap 7) and [https://www.globethics.net/documents/10131/26882205/GE_Repenser_e%CC%81ducation_isbn9782889314546.pdf Nana-Aicha Goza]'s (chap 4) insights with regard to what matters in '''traditional education''' in Africa, i.e. "L’éducation traditionnelle africaine est caractérisée par quatre aspects spécifiques (Moumouni/Caille, 2019) qui situent bien une démarche communautaire et sociale avec ses spécificités cohérentes. 
** Le premier aspect met en lumière la dimension sociale et collective, une valeur qui tient lieu de référence dans toute relation humaine qui se veut pérenne. 
** Le second aspect considère l’éducation sociale traditionnelle comme un repère qui valorise les biens matériels et leur lien avec les croyances spirituelles. Les peuples indigènes honorent les esprits dans leur imaginaire et dans leur monde virtuel. 
** En ce qui concerne, le troisième aspect, il vient confirmer une pluralité des pratiques endogènes qui montre des compétences diverses et variées dans la vie sociale.
** Le quatrième et dernier aspect porte sur le développement de l’enfant dans le cercle familial et social. L’enfant est considéré comme un individu au service de la communauté dans sa plénitude et son évolution aux plans psychique, physique et mental. La conscience collective est la référence pour son intégration dans la communauté et pour la communauté [...] (p. 163)."
** "L’éducation traditionnelle liée au contexte économique et social visait à former des guerriers susceptibles de défendre la société, des paysans et des artisans capables de produire les divers biens et services nécessaires à la subsistance de la communauté. La théorie et la pratique vont de pair ; ainsi, instruction et éducation sont constamment et intimement liées (p. 102)".
** "La pédagogie populaire africaine repose surtout sur la tradition orale où contes, légendes, devinettes, chants et proverbes visent à la formation de l’individu" (p. 103)".
*[https://www.globethics.net/documents/10131/26882205/GE_Repenser_e%CC%81ducation_isbn9782889314546.pdf Amadou Saibou Adamou]'s (chap 8) insights on how to use '''proverbs''', i.e. Les proverbes "sont, en général, des phrases imagées véhiculant la sagesse populaire et qui servent à instruire les hommes. Ils se caractérisent donc par leur métaphoricité et leur didacticité, d’où leur intérêt à la fois pour les études linguistique et anthropologique" (p. 186). "En Afrique, en général, au Niger en particulier, les proverbes étaient (sont) utilisés par les adultes pour encadrer socialement les plus jeunes. Ils servaient presqu’à tout ; notamment, selon les circonstances, à : décrire, raconter, avertir, ordonner, éconduire, interpeller, conseiller, enseigner, interdire, etc. Ainsi, à l’instar des paroimia grecs, les proverbes en Afrique servaient d’outils didactiques pour éduquer et socialiser les jeunes" (p. 192). "Les pays africains sont presque tous composés de plusieurs communautés ethniques qui produisent chacune des proverbes correspondant à leurs expériences de vie et à leurs préoccupations et à leurs visions du monde. On pourrait exploiter ces divers proverbes pour y étudier par exemple :
** comment chaque communauté se définit à travers les proverbes ;
** comment chaque communauté parle des différents éléments et aspects de la vie ;
** les préoccupations (morales, matérielles, spirituelles ; etc.) majeures de chaque communauté ;
** les ressemblances et dissemblances (formelles, thématiques, idéologiques, etc.) des proverbes des différentes communautés ;
** les possibilités d’une rencontre entre les valeurs communautaires;
** etc." (pp. 204-205)
*[https://www.globethics.net/documents/10131/26882205/GE_Repenser_e%CC%81ducation_isbn9782889314546.pdf Abdou Moumouni Issoufou]'s (chap 5) insights on how to use '''epic narratives''', i.e. "L’entreprise didactique de ce discours peut s’expliquer par les mobiles suivants:
** d’abord, tout récit épique présente la condition humaine, ce récit est plein d’enseignements et de leçons ;
** ensuite, sur le plan historique, le discours épique fait découvrir aux générations présentes leur passé, l’histoire, leurs ancêtres ;
** puis, l’épopée reflète la culture africaine à travers les valeurs identitaires et communautaires ;
** enfin, elle est un genre littéraire riche en ressources linguistiques et stylistiques pouvant améliorer significativement les compétences linguistiques et littéraires de jeunes apprenants" (p. 125).
** "Dans cette perspective didactique, les objectifs visent à amener les jeunes apprenants africains à:
*** découvrir les valeurs humaines et culturelles prônées par les figures épiques du passé;
*** s’approprier les valeurs incarnées pour adopter un comportement nouveau" (p. 127).

==A three step design process==
Conceiving a learning design can be seen as a 3-steps process: the vision, the design, and making it sustainable. An very interesyting book has recently been published in Open Access. The book underlines the interdependency between i) key concepts of the course, ii) contextual elements, iii) learning outcomes, iv) content and activity design, v) teaching strategy, vi) assessment strategy and vii) overall scenario.  

Course designers are invited to consider this way of designing a course.  

Lanarès, J., Laperrouza, M., & Sylvestre, E. (2023). Design pédagogique. https://doi.org/10.55430/8015VA01  
==TPACK== 
Technological, pedagogical and content knowledge. Course designers are asked to watch this 5 minutes video to get introduced to the TPACK framework https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMQiHJsePOM and then read this article by Koehler et al. (2013), What Is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)? The Journal of Education, 193(3), 13-19. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24636917 . Course designers are then invited to reflect, for their module, which CK, PK, TK and intersecting knowledge is needed. The output can take the form, for example, of a [https://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Concept_map concept map] (see p. 71 of https://doi.org/10.3917/raised.021.0061 ). 
== Didactical double-decker ==
This is a concept I have discovered at PHZH, during [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7377613 LECU] and [https://zenodo.org/record/7377546 SINAN] projects. It relates to using material, i.e. Lehrplan 21 in the case of PHZH training, in teacher training that learners will use in the classroom when they are teachers. This "link" provides a context for how to use a resource both in the position of the learner (at PHZH) and in the position of the teacher (in classroom). In the COS EiE, the double-decker concept is rather about using pedagogical strategies and digital technologies that refugee-learners will seamlessly be able to use in their role as educators (e.g. using proverbs as a didactical mean). Course designers are invited to explore this double-decker concept in their course design.  
== Cultures and pedagogies as a mindset ==
The variety of cultures and pedagogies and what they can leverage is the background framework in terms of values of the COS design. Course designers are invited to make sure that they fully understand the following resources: [https://moocs.unige.ch/offre/cours-ouverts/cultures-pedagogies MOOC Cultures et Pédagogies] ; [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377797 Repenser l’éducation : alternatives pédagogiques du Sud] (Akkari & Fuentes, 2021) ; [https://www.globethics.net/documents/10131/26882205/GE_Repenser_e%CC%81ducation_isbn9782889314546.pdf Repenser l’éducation et la pédagogie dans une perspective africaine]. Akkari, A., Gandolfi, S., & Sagayar, M. (2022). Globethics.net. 
== Oral education ==
Course designers need to be well informed of pedagogies of the Souths. 
== Connected learning ==
This concept refers to several connections, well beyond the internet. Basically, it foregrounds a personal interest and multiple connections and supports spreading from this interest to make it grow. Course designers are invited to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HacgaDN971Y watch this 18 mn video] (specifically from minute 8 onwards) and read some of this resource by Ito, M., & Colleagues. (2020). [https://clalliance.org/publications/the-connected-learning-research-network-reflections-on-a-decade-of-engaged-scholarship/ The Connected Learning Research Network: Reflections on a Decade of Engaged Scholarship] . 

Physical places, connected learning hubs, will be available for refugee-learners to meet, to make connections, to develop a project, to interact and exchange ideas and of course to learn and complete COS activities. Connected learning hubs will be operated by NGOs, mainly Yara Lnc and AEDL-Espoir. 
=Toolbox=
*Identify your '''learning outcomes'''. They must be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attractive, Realistic, Time-bound). Learning outcomes are action-oriented and student-centred and use active verbs to describe the expected competences. They shoud be formulated in the form of achievements, i.e. at the end of the module, ''learners will be able to''... They are usually defined with the backdrop of the Bloom taxonomy - remembering, understanding, applying, analysing, evaluating, and creating. See for example, in French: https://www.profinnovant.com/taxonomie-de-bloom-revisee-verbes-daction/

*Conceptualise your course with a [https://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Concept_map '''concept''' map]: https://enseigner.unil.ch/ressources/wp-content/uploads/UNIL-CSE_cartes_conceptuelles.pdf . Upfront, this allows course designers to identify key concepts of the course on which for instance they will be making a video or podcast; it also enables you to plan an aligned evaluation - which learning to evaluate, how to get a testimony of this learning, how to interpret this output - see for example https://enseigner.unil.ch/ressources/document/choisir-ses-strategies-devaluation/ .
* Write your '''script''' for your video or audio recording: basically this entails two types of narratives: the verbal one and the audio / vidéo one. I would encourage you first to focus on the verbal narrative, i.e. your message, to keep it focused, clear, engage the audience with direct addresses, examples, case studies, anecdotes, etc. Watch for example this 5mn video explaining how to write a script before the recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1DDroLsDSQ . Watch also this 7 mn video on Mayer's 12 principles to produce educative multimedia - cohérence, signalement / signalisation, redondance, contiguité spatiale, contiguité temporelle, segmentation, entrainement, modalité, multimédia, personnalisation, voix, humain/image: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JHf9wZOh88. With regard to recording time, try to make 5 to 8 mn videos and try to anticipate the potential obsolesence of the recorded content by focusing on processes. For additional similar videos by the same author: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMn8MvVsX6LP2y7U2tjYaVDJ6E3cbPQpt 
* Examples of interesting vidéos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNb9pNymuwQ cartoon like].
* For the script itself, you may want to use this template: [https://tecfa.unige.ch/perso/class/COS/COS_ScriptVideo-Template.docx doc]. 
* To make videos inclusive, i.e. accessible to people with hearing or visual impairment, it would be good to take into account [https://www.w3.org/WAI/media/av/ W3C recommendations] and also apply these basic guidelines. Add subtitles which benefit many more people than just people with a hearing disability; Add a  transcript, especially in an educational setting because it makes it easier to revisit the content => Use the script of the video as a transcript can be a good idea; Prefer a video with a voice that explains the content of the video to make it accessible to people with visual impairments; Choose colours and a font size that are clearly visible (as a reminder, to test the contrast ratio, there is the [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ Contrast Checker from WebAIM] or the [https://www.tpgi.com/color-contrast-checker/ colour contrast analyse]r from TPGi).
* To address an other type of inclusiveness, e.g. representation, here are some practical guidelines: with regard to gender issues select from the checklist what is appropriate, specifically language, e.g. "les étudiantes et les étudiants" instead of using "les étudiants", [https://fostwom.eu/?page_id=2251&lang=fr FOSTWOM Toolkit checklist] and Unige [https://www.unige.ch/rectorat/egalite/files/9516/7518/3054/Redaction_Epicene_105x210_2023_site.pdf guide]; in the subtitles, in the future and if possible to be accomplished, translate into local languages of participants (Haussa, Zarma, Fulfulde, Kanuri).
* When publishing the video, publish it on youtube (wide audience) and on [https://joinpeertube.org/ peertube] (open source) adding the right licence; publish raw files on Zenodo for example (one video per file + add metadata for the collection) or, better check if Mediaserver supports raw files. 
* To help you with '''learning theories''', but only Global North-centred, this map gives a good overview: http://blog.richardmillwood.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Learning-Theory.pdf ; for more academic reading on the topic: Illeris, K. (Ed.). (2018). Contemporary theories of learning. Learning theorists... In their own words (2nd ed.). Routledge. [https://people.bath.ac.uk/edspd/Weblinks/PGCES%20ULL%20articles/General/Contemporary%20Theories%20of%20Learning_%20Learning%20theorists%20_.%20in%20their%20own%20words%20-%20Knud%20Illeris.pdf First edition] available in pdf. 
* With regard to pedagogies, and '''pedagogies of the South''' more specifically, please see above, the Cultures and pedagogies as a mindset section. 
* To help you with '''pedagogical strategies''' and '''learning activities''', there is the [https://abc-ld.org ABC method] based on Laurillard's conversational framework. You can download the toolkit in several languages > select in the ble menu bar "Toolkit 2020 Downloads" - [https://abc-ld.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ABCD_KIT_Sorbonne_v2.zip French] version download. You may also consult pp. 143-155 of et [https://doi.org/10.55430/8015VA01 Lanarès et al. (2023)].
* To help you with the overal '''pedagogical scenario''' of your module and its activities, you can download this work in progress template, [https://tecfa.unige.ch/perso/class/COS/COS_ScenarioPedagoModuleActivites.docx doc], [https://tecfa.unige.ch/perso/class/COS/COS_ScenarioPedagoModuleActivites.pdf pdf].
* During Covid, the Tecfa team created several tutorials in French, including how to record audio on a ppt presentation: https://edutechwiki.unige.ch/fr/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Enseigner_%C3%A0_distance_dans_l%27urgence. To produce ppt slides, here are some suggestions: [https://www.enseigner.ulaval.ca/ressources-pedagogiques/enseigner-avec-un-support-visuel UniLaval].

=Resources=

* Akkari, A., Gandolfi, S., & Sagayar, M. (2022). Repenser l’éducation et la pédagogie dans une perspective africaine. Globethics.net. https://www.globethics.net/documents/10131/26882205/GE_Repenser_e%CC%81ducation_isbn9782889314546.pdf 
* Akkari, A., & Fuentes, M. (2021). Repenser l’éducation : alternatives pédagogiques du Sud. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377797
* Akkari, A. & Radhouane, M. (2021). MOOC [https://moocs.unige.ch/offre/cours-ouverts/cultures-pedagogies Cultures et Pédagogies]
* Objectif Learning Outcomes Numériques, UNIL, https://enseigner.unil.ch/ressources/document/objectif-l-o-n/
* Lanarès, J., Laperrouza, M., & Sylvestre, E. (2023). Design pédagogique. https://doi.org/10.55430/8015VA01   

[[Category: Certificate of Open Studies]]