OHS 2019 Chap4

• How did Paranthropus become extinct and how can you be certain? (p.71)
• How was Louis Leakey certain that Zinjanthropus boisei was a new genus and species just by looking at a skull? (p.79)
• How could researchers know that Homo habilis made the earliest tools? (p.79)
• How did you know that the individual P.Brosei found in 2013 weighed 46kg? (p.80)
• Since the Paranthropus lived alongside other species, did these species interact or did they all have their own territories and did not cross paths? (p.81)
• "The occurence of fossils from more than one species at a single site does not necessarily mean that they were there at the same time. It does nevertheless make life more complicated for archaeologists, because isolated bones cannot always be allocated to a particular species."(p.81) How do you know when two species were present at the same time? How do archaeologists overcome these complications and when can isolated bones not be allocated to a specific species?
• You explain that the Paranthropus may have become extinct because of their specialized diet. What was their diet and how were scientists able to determine it? (p.71)
• One aspect I find very interesting is: how come the Paranthropus aethiopicus/robustus/boisei evolved to represent a sagittal crest? Also, being the only lineages who show this particular caracteristic how did they evolve to prenet this crest only in males? (sexual dismorphism)
• What is your hypothesis about Austrolopithecus and Paranthropus coexistance? Do you think these sympatric species lived up and close to each other or were always falling back due to their diets?

Chap_4 Final questions

• Since the Paranthropus lived alongside other species, did these species interact with each other? Or did they all live in separate territories?

• On page 79 it is written: "The formal number for the first Olduvai cranium is OH5, but it has been known by a series of nicknames including Dear Boy, Nutcracker Man and Zinj, and is now placed in the genus Paranthropus." How was Louis Leakey certain that Zinjanthropus boisei belonged to the "Paranthropus" genus just by looking at its skull ?

• How come the Paranthropus aethiopicus/robustus/boisei evolved to represent a sagittal crest? Also, being the only lineages who show that particular caracteristic, why does that crest appear only in males? (sexual dismorphism)

• On page 81 it is written: "The occurence of fossils from more than one species at a single site does not necessarily mean that they were there at the same time. It does nevertheless make life more complicated for archaeologists, because isolated bones cannot always be allocated to a particular species." How do scientists know if two species lived in the same place at the same time, when they find them in the same place? How do archaeologists overcome these complications?

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