Web widget and mashup: Difference between revisions

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{{quotation | A web widget is a portable chunk of code that can be installed and executed within any separate HTML-based web page by an end user without requiring additional compilation. They are akin to plugins or extensions in desktop applications. Other terms used to describe a Web Widget include Gadget, Badge, Module, Capsule, Snippet, Mini and Flake.}} ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_widget Web widget], Wikipedia, retrieved 19:58, 14 May 2007 (MEST)).
{{quotation | A web widget is a portable chunk of code that can be installed and executed within any separate HTML-based web page by an end user without requiring additional compilation. They are akin to plugins or extensions in desktop applications. Other terms used to describe a Web Widget include Gadget, Badge, Module, Capsule, Snippet, Mini and Flake.}} ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_widget Web widget], Wikipedia, retrieved 19:58, 14 May 2007 (MEST)).


{{quotation | Widget: A software component used by a mash-up assembler within a mash-up maker to create a new mash-up. Widgets encapsulate disparate data, UI (user interface) mark-up, and UI behavior into a single component that generates DHTML code fragments. Widgets generally respond or act upon user interaction or data events.}}([http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/qedwiki/faq.html QedWiki FAQ], retrieved 15:36, 16 May 2007 (MEST)).
{{quotation | Widget: A software component used by a mash-up assembler within a mash-up maker to create a new mash-up. Widgets encapsulate disparate data, UI (user interface) mark-up, and UI behavior into a single component that generates DHTML code fragments. Widgets generally respond or act upon user interaction or data events.}}([http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/qedwiki/faq.html QedWiki FAQ], retrieved 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST)).


Notice: This article also deals a bit with ''desktop widget''s because they have a similar purpose, i.e. they typically provide easy access to frequently used functions (e.g. the clock) and increasingly pull information from the Internet and provide some visual information. Some applications can exist in both versions. E.g. you can read Gmail in your browser or install it on the desktop (beta).
Notice: This article also deals a bit with ''desktop widget''s because they have a similar purpose, i.e. they typically provide easy access to frequently used functions (e.g. the clock) and increasingly pull information from the Internet and provide some visual information. Some applications can exist in both versions. E.g. you can read Gmail in your browser or install it on the desktop (beta).
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; Mashup
; Mashup


{{quotation | These Web applications are a type of a situation application that yield a new utility by seamlessly combining content from two or more sources or disparate components with new behavior to form a new, integrated Web application. A mash-up is the application artifact resulting from the assembly of information-rich widgets.}} ([http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/qedwiki/faq.html QedWiki FAQ], retrieved 15:36, 16 May 2007 (MEST)).
{{quotation | These Web applications are a type of a situation application that yield a new utility by seamlessly combining content from two or more sources or disparate components with new behavior to form a new, integrated Web application. A mash-up is the application artifact resulting from the assembly of information-rich widgets.}} ([http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/qedwiki/faq.html QedWiki FAQ], retrieved 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST)).


== What are web widgets and mash-ups ? ==
== What are web widgets and mash-ups ? ==
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== Technical information ==
== Technical information ==
(just some for now ...)
(just some for now ...)
=== Implementation ===
Web Widgets often but not always use Adobe Flash or JavaScript programming languages. The widget code itself is usually very small and connects to some server application.


=== How to use widgets ===
=== How to use widgets ===
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* See [[webtop]], which usually are mashup-up tools for individual use. Also read about [[personal learning environment]]s that includes a story on how to build such a thing with a webtop.
* See [[webtop]], which usually are mashup-up tools for individual use. Also read about [[personal learning environment]]s that includes a story on how to build such a thing with a webtop.
* An increasing amount of [[social software]] services are configurable with extra widgets.
* An increasing amount of [[social software]] services are configurable with extra widgets.
* Mashup tools for organizations (e.g. a teacher) that will allow you to create an half-baked environment for a group of people (e.g. learners). Without testing (!), [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]] believes that [http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/qedwiki/ QEDWiki] from IBM might be a good contender.
* Mashup tools for organizations (e.g. a teacher) that will allow you to create an half-baked environment for a group of people (e.g. learners). Without testing (!), [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]] believes that [http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/qedwiki/ QEDWiki] from IBM might be a good contender. "Enterprise mashups" ought to be more powerful, e.g include a safe data repository.


; (3) Use browser, application or OS-dependent widgets
; (3) Use browser, application or OS-dependent widgets
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=== How to create widgets easily ===
=== How to create widgets easily ===


This is for people with a little HTML/XML/JS knowledge.
This is for people with a little HTML/XML/JS knowledge. Web Widgets often but not always use Adobe Flash or JavaScript programming languages. The widget code itself is usually small and connects to some server application.


* Some services have widget creation kits for a certain number of widgets. E.g. iGoogle allows you to create photos, "daily me", you tube channel, personal list...
* Some services have widget creation kits for a certain number of widgets. E.g. iGoogle allows you to create photos, "daily me", you tube channel, personal list...
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* Services like [http://www.dapper.net/] dapper that allow you grab "any content from the web". Requires some technical skills.
* Services like [http://www.dapper.net/] dapper that allow you grab "any content from the web". Requires some technical skills.


=== Mashup APIs for programmers ===
=== Mashup software for developpers ===


Programmers may use published APIs (see for example the list in [http://www.webmashup.com/ Webmasup.com])
According to [http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=205160 Eric Armstrong], to create a mashup, you need:
* Web page GUI components and a GUI Builder (likely an [[AJAX]] tool).
* A communication mechanism, e.g. REST
* Data formats, e.g. [[microformat]]s, [[RSS]], [[JSON]]
* One or more data sources you can access
* Optionally, a data repository you can interact with


To program webservices plus associated widgets is another issue. Often, developpers use a so-called [[AJAX]] development kit.
Programmers may use published APIs (see for example the list in [http://www.webmashup.com/ Webmasup.com]). To program webservices plus associated widgets is another issue. Often, developpers use a so-called [[AJAX]] development kit, but recently '''mashup development kits''' came into existence (see links below). Some of these are relatively simple to use others less it seems. I.e. it seems to me that there is some grey zone between mashup builders meant for end-users, for webdesigners in organizations, for people with some scripting knowledge and for "real programmers".


== Links ==
== Software Links ==


=== Widget management sites ===
=== Widget management sites ===
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* [http://www.3d3r.com/bubbles/ Bubbles]
* [http://www.3d3r.com/bubbles/ Bubbles]


=== Mashup software ===
=== Mashup software / development kits ===


; End-user mashups
; End-user mashups
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* [http://www.schmapplets.com/ Schmapplets] to share places on the web with maps, photos, articles and reviews. (This is just an example of a tool that allows to create mashups for a given domain). (Windows/MacOSX).
* [http://www.schmapplets.com/ Schmapplets] to share places on the web with maps, photos, articles and reviews. (This is just an example of a tool that allows to create mashups for a given domain). (Windows/MacOSX).


; Enterprise mashups
; Easy mashups
 
* [http://datamashups.com/ Data Mashups]. Create personalized portals in minutes for your customers or staff (Beta, minimal service is free).
 
* [http://www.teqlo.com/ Teqlo]
 
; Global Enterprise mashup tools
We only list free or open source products here.
 
See also [http://enterprisemashups.wordpress.com/2007/02/15/enterprise-mashup-tools/ Enterprise MashUps] (blog entry).


* [http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/qedwiki/ QEDWiki] from IBM is a lightweight mash-up maker written in PHP 5 and hosted on a LAMP, WAMP, or MAMP stack. (Only available for trials !). [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]] thinks that '''this kind of technology is more or less what a teacher would need''' since it supports assemly, wiring of components and sharing. In other words, it allows teachers to create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situational_application situational application] fitting both teacher's and learner's needs.
* [http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/qedwiki/ QEDWiki] from IBM is a lightweight mash-up maker written in PHP 5 and hosted on a LAMP, WAMP, or MAMP stack. (Only available for trials !). [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]] thinks that '''this kind of technology is more or less what a teacher would need''' since it supports assemly, wiring of components and sharing. In other words, it allows teachers to create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situational_application situational application] fitting both teacher's and learner's needs.
** [http://devzone.zend.com/node/view/id/678 QEDWiki, IBM, and "Situational Applications], retrieved 15:36, 16 May 2007 (MEST).
** [http://devzone.zend.com/node/view/id/678 QEDWiki, IBM, and "Situational Applications], retrieved 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST).
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEDWiki QEDWiki] (Wikipedia)
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEDWiki QEDWiki] (Wikipedia)


* [http://kapowtech.com/ Kapow], various products. including [http://openkapow.com/ OpenKapow]  
* [http://kapowtech.com/ Kapow] sells various products. [http://openkapow.com/ OpenKapow] is a free application that can (quote) create RSS feeds, REST services or clips from almost any web site. You have to download RoboMaker and then create "Robots" that will do the mashup. There is a larger list of existing Robots you may use. Java-based Windows/Linux, on 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST) download included a JAVA VM. Kapow's (full) mashup server interfaces with IBM QEDWiki and Yahoo Pipes.


* [http://pipes.yahoo.com/ Yahoo pipes], a kind of RSS remixer (yes, like in Music)
* [http://pipes.yahoo.com/ Yahoo pipes], a kind of RSS remixer (yes, like in Music)
** [http://www.dashes.com/anil/2007/02/yahoo-pipes.html Yahoo Pipes] by Anil Dash, retrieved 15:36, 16 May 2007 (MEST).
** [http://www.dashes.com/anil/2007/02/yahoo-pipes.html Yahoo Pipes] by Anil Dash, retrieved 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST).
 
* Others: [http://www.jackbe.com/ JackBe], [http://www.backbase.com/ Backbase], [http://www.nexaweb.com/ Nexaweb]


; Tools for manual mashup creation
; Tools for manual mashup creation
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* [http://www.webmashup.com/ Webmashup.com] The open directory of mashups & web 2.0 APIs
* [http://www.webmashup.com/ Webmashup.com] The open directory of mashups & web 2.0 APIs
* [http://datamashups.com/ Data Mashups]. Create personalized portals in minutes for your customers or staff (Beta, minimal service is free).


=== Development kits ===
=== Development kits ===
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* Libraries provided by service providers, e.g. [http://code.google.com/apis/gdata/index.html Google APIs]
* Libraries provided by service providers, e.g. [http://code.google.com/apis/gdata/index.html Google APIs]
=== General ===
* [http://www.sitepoint.com/article/application-fluff-hot-air Build Your Own Web 2.0 Application Using Fluff and Hot Air]
*
* [http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1879 Hacking Web 2.0 applications with firefox] (some good information about security).
* [http://www.programmableweb.com/ programmableweb]. ProgrammableWeb is where you can keep-up with what's new and interesting with mashups, Web 2.0 APIs, and the new Web as Platform.
* [http://wiki.mashupcamp.com/ MashupCamp.com]
* Khasanshyn, Renat (2007). [http://apatar.com/blogs/renat/2007/03/21/three-trends-influencing-enterprise-20 Three Trends Influencing Enterprise 2.0], Blog Entry.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widget_engine Widget engine] (Wikipedia), desktop widgets.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_widget_engines Comparison of widget engines] (Wikipedia) desktop widgets.


=== Mashup Examples ===
=== Mashup Examples ===
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** [http://www.programmableweb.com/url/5312 YouTorials / Programmable Web]
** [http://www.programmableweb.com/url/5312 YouTorials / Programmable Web]


== References ==
== References and text links ==


=== Vision / Overviews ===
=== Tutorials ===


* Raymond Yee, [http://blog.mashupguide.net/ Mashup Guide] Blog for a Book in Progress about Remixing Data and Services on the Web, includes draft chapters (in PDF)
=== Vision / Short Overviews ===
* Khasanshyn, Renat (2007). [http://apatar.com/blogs/renat/2007/03/21/three-trends-influencing-enterprise-20 Three Trends Influencing Enterprise 2.0], Blog Entry.
* Kirkpatrick, Marshall (2006), PostApp launches WidgetBox, a marketplace for widgets, TechCrunch. [http://www.techcrunch.com/2006/06/22/postapp-launches-widgetbox-a-marketplace-for-widgets/]
* MacManus, Richard (2006). Widgets are the new black, Read/Write Web. [http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/widgets_are_the.php HTML]
* MacManus, Richard (2006). Widgets are the new black, Read/Write Web. [http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/widgets_are_the.php HTML]


* Kirkpatrick, Marshall (2006), PostApp launches WidgetBox, a marketplace for widgets, TechCrunch. [http://www.techcrunch.com/2006/06/22/postapp-launches-widgetbox-a-marketplace-for-widgets/]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_widget_engines Comparison of widget engines] (Wikipedia) desktop widgets.
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widget_engine Widget engine] (Wikipedia), desktop widgets.


* [http://www.businessweek.com/@@76IH*ocQ34AvyQMA/magazine/content/05_30/b3944108_mz063.htm Mix, Match, And Mutate], BusinessWeek article.
* [http://www.businessweek.com/@@76IH*ocQ34AvyQMA/magazine/content/05_30/b3944108_mz063.htm Mix, Match, And Mutate], BusinessWeek article.


* [http://www.sitepoint.com/article/application-fluff-hot-air Build Your Own Web 2.0 Application Using Fluff and Hot Air]
== Various ==
* [http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1879 Hacking Web 2.0 applications with firefox] (some good information about security).
* [http://www.programmableweb.com/ programmableweb]. ProgrammableWeb is where you can keep-up with what's new and interesting with mashups, Web 2.0 APIs, and the new Web as Platform.
* [http://wiki.mashupcamp.com/ MashupCamp.com]


[[Category: Technologies]]
[[Category: Technologies]]

Revision as of 15:14, 16 May 2007

Draft

Definition

Web widget

“A web widget is a portable chunk of code that can be installed and executed within any separate HTML-based web page by an end user without requiring additional compilation. They are akin to plugins or extensions in desktop applications. Other terms used to describe a Web Widget include Gadget, Badge, Module, Capsule, Snippet, Mini and Flake.” (Web widget, Wikipedia, retrieved 19:58, 14 May 2007 (MEST)).

“Widget: A software component used by a mash-up assembler within a mash-up maker to create a new mash-up. Widgets encapsulate disparate data, UI (user interface) mark-up, and UI behavior into a single component that generates DHTML code fragments. Widgets generally respond or act upon user interaction or data events.”(QedWiki FAQ, retrieved 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST)).

Notice: This article also deals a bit with desktop widgets because they have a similar purpose, i.e. they typically provide easy access to frequently used functions (e.g. the clock) and increasingly pull information from the Internet and provide some visual information. Some applications can exist in both versions. E.g. you can read Gmail in your browser or install it on the desktop (beta).

Mashup

“These Web applications are a type of a situation application that yield a new utility by seamlessly combining content from two or more sources or disparate components with new behavior to form a new, integrated Web application. A mash-up is the application artifact resulting from the assembly of information-rich widgets.” (QedWiki FAQ, retrieved 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST)).

What are web widgets and mash-ups ?

(1) Web widgets or web gadgets are used to build mashups, a website, a rich internet application (RIA), desktop applications or combined desktop/RIA that combines content and services from more than one source into an integrated experience. Web widgets allow to insert web 2.0 information services (e.g. RSS feeds) or applications into a "platform". Widgets are largely combinations of HTML or XHTML, CSS, and Javascript. In particular, simple "content" widgets are increasingly popular, e.g. on 19:58, 14 May 2007 (MEST) Google lists over 6000 and Widgetbox over 10000. Most widgets are probably based on RSS feeds. Some widgets also exist as Desktop widgets or can be converted from a web widget to a desktop widget.

(2) End users can run this kind of widgets on several "platforms", i.e. various kinds of web widgets are available in several ways:

  • on webtops (easy),
  • insert widget code into HTML pages.

The same kind of widgets also can be installed on a client computer. However we wouldn't call them web widgets anymore, but desktop widgets.

  • Extensions to web browsers that Daniel K. Schneider would qualify as widgets.
  • Widgets "docked" to a desktop of an OS (Windows, MacOSX, Linux).

(3) Web widgets can be combined into a web mashup according to the following formula:

Web Mashup = API [1] + API [2] + API [N]

A web mashup is a website or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service. Content used in mashups typically comes from a third party via a public interface (API), an RSS feed or sometimes screen scraping. webtop are an example of sophisticated mashups, i.e. individual users can configure a "start page"

“We know we don't have a corner on creativity. There are creative people all around the world, hundreds of millions of them, and they are going to think of things to do with our basic platform that we didn't think of. So the mashup stuff is a wonderful way of allowing people to find new ways of applying the basic infrastructures we're propagating. This will turn out to be a major source of ideas for applying Google-based technology to a variety of applications.” (Vint Cerf interview with J.C. Perez, retrieved 19:58, 14 May 2007 (MEST))

So web widgets can be of different kinds. They work within a kind of environment (a HTML page, a webtop, etc.) and they use different technologies to talk to a server. Some are cut/past enduser ready, some run in specific environments (e.g. webtops), some are meant to mashed up by developpers. A web widget that runs on one "platform" does not run on an other (unless there are appropriate versions). There is a strong relation with so-called rich internet applications. Some of these can be included as widgets, or more precisely the web service behind these can be accessed through widgets.

The same is true for mashups. It's not really clear what they are. Major categories could distinguish between different kinds of "mash-up assemblers" (IBM):

  • Mashups made by and for individual users (e.g. a webtop used as personal learning environment.
  • Mashups built for others (e.g. a mashup built by a teacher for his class).
  • In-between mashups where a mash-up enabler designs what array of mash-ups (in a given "mashboard" provided by an organization) can be created from a collection of widgets.

Technical information

(just some for now ...)

How to use widgets

Basically, an enduser has several choices (depending on the technology)

(1) Get a widget insertion code from a widget site
  • On these site, there is "get the code" button that will display some short javascript code which you then can insert into a web page, a blog etc. Unfortunately it's not so easy to find widgets of interest to educators, since the most popular widgets focus on specific information or games ...
  • To quickly build a good looking home page, use a generator, then insert javascript. E.g. web 2.0 generator (note: this site was meant to be a bit of a joke, but it does generate nice looking pages ...)
(2) Use a mashup maker, i.e. a service that supports assembly of widgets

Webtops and similar software provide users with a larger set of widgets from which they then can compose an "ajax start page". See:

  • See webtop, which usually are mashup-up tools for individual use. Also read about personal learning environments that includes a story on how to build such a thing with a webtop.
  • An increasing amount of social software services are configurable with extra widgets.
  • Mashup tools for organizations (e.g. a teacher) that will allow you to create an half-baked environment for a group of people (e.g. learners). Without testing (!), Daniel K. Schneider believes that QEDWiki from IBM might be a good contender. "Enterprise mashups" ought to be more powerful, e.g include a safe data repository.
(3) Use browser, application or OS-dependent widgets

How to create widgets easily

This is for people with a little HTML/XML/JS knowledge. Web Widgets often but not always use Adobe Flash or JavaScript programming languages. The widget code itself is usually small and connects to some server application.

  • Some services have widget creation kits for a certain number of widgets. E.g. iGoogle allows you to create photos, "daily me", you tube channel, personal list...
  • Services like [1] dapper that allow you grab "any content from the web". Requires some technical skills.

Mashup software for developpers

According to Eric Armstrong, to create a mashup, you need:

  • Web page GUI components and a GUI Builder (likely an AJAX tool).
  • A communication mechanism, e.g. REST
  • Data formats, e.g. microformats, RSS, JSON
  • One or more data sources you can access
  • Optionally, a data repository you can interact with

Programmers may use published APIs (see for example the list in Webmasup.com). To program webservices plus associated widgets is another issue. Often, developpers use a so-called AJAX development kit, but recently mashup development kits came into existence (see links below). Some of these are relatively simple to use others less it seems. I.e. it seems to me that there is some grey zone between mashup builders meant for end-users, for webdesigners in organizations, for people with some scripting knowledge and for "real programmers".

Software Links

Widget management sites

(widgets to download, needs to be sorted out at some point. Also some websites include both widgets and more stand-alone web 2.0 applications. Anyhow, the difference is not really clear to me ...)

  • Widgetbox. s a directory and syndication platform for web widgets for blogs and other web pages. Claim to work with TypePad, WordPress, Blogger, MySpace as well as most other blogs, sidebars or websites.
  • NeoBinaries (online resource for web based applications)
Desktop

Mashup software / development kits

End-user mashups
  • Most popular mash-up makers are webtops
  • Schmapplets to share places on the web with maps, photos, articles and reviews. (This is just an example of a tool that allows to create mashups for a given domain). (Windows/MacOSX).
Easy mashups
  • Data Mashups. Create personalized portals in minutes for your customers or staff (Beta, minimal service is free).
Global Enterprise mashup tools

We only list free or open source products here.

See also Enterprise MashUps (blog entry).

  • QEDWiki from IBM is a lightweight mash-up maker written in PHP 5 and hosted on a LAMP, WAMP, or MAMP stack. (Only available for trials !). Daniel K. Schneider thinks that this kind of technology is more or less what a teacher would need since it supports assemly, wiring of components and sharing. In other words, it allows teachers to create a situational application fitting both teacher's and learner's needs.
  • Kapow sells various products. OpenKapow is a free application that can (quote) create RSS feeds, REST services or clips from almost any web site. You have to download RoboMaker and then create "Robots" that will do the mashup. There is a larger list of existing Robots you may use. Java-based Windows/Linux, on 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST) download included a JAVA VM. Kapow's (full) mashup server interfaces with IBM QEDWiki and Yahoo Pipes.
  • Yahoo pipes, a kind of RSS remixer (yes, like in Music)
    • Yahoo Pipes by Anil Dash, retrieved 16:14, 16 May 2007 (MEST).
Tools for manual mashup creation
  • Dapper. Dapper make it easy to extract and reuse content from any website. It can create various kinds of formats (XML, RSS, Google maps, HTML, Netvibes.) etc. from various kinds of input formats (Dapp XML, RSS, Google Gadget, ...). A certain number of prebuilt Dapp's are also available.

Web 2.0 (mashup) APIs

Mashups are aggregations of services and contents. Some of the more sophisticated mashups are webtops, applications that let end-users configure a "web 2.0" start page.

Web 2.0 API's are not standardized and require various programming knowledge. Some organizations also provide client libraries to make things easier. E.g. for the Google APIs there is a Zend Google Data Client Library (PHP). Other libraries exist for Java, .NET, Python, JavaScript (via JSON).

  • programmableweb APIs Keeping you up to date with the latest on mashups and the new Web 2.0 APIs. Good directory !

Development kits

There are several kinds of development kits and the difference is not always really clear to Daniel K. Schneider. The hottest trend may be trough the web development.

  • AJAX kits of various kinds. Some of these now turn into "WebOS Application Builders". (e.g. Morfik).
  • Some WebOS, e.g. eyeOS can be installed on your own server. Others at least provide APIs to create widgets for webOS/webtop service. See webtop.
  • Libraries provided by service providers, e.g. Google APIs

Mashup Examples

  • Saga Earth An interactive game that challenges users to find countries on a map of the world, then displays videos from that country.
  • Skillsfeed a microlearning platform for course authors and students. It provides fast access to small chunks of learning content composed of Wiki text, multiple choice tests, movies from YouTube, GoogleVideo, Grouper, etc. and Slideshare presentations.

References and text links

Tutorials

  • Raymond Yee, Mashup Guide Blog for a Book in Progress about Remixing Data and Services on the Web, includes draft chapters (in PDF)

Vision / Short Overviews

  • Kirkpatrick, Marshall (2006), PostApp launches WidgetBox, a marketplace for widgets, TechCrunch. [2]
  • MacManus, Richard (2006). Widgets are the new black, Read/Write Web. HTML

Various

  • programmableweb. ProgrammableWeb is where you can keep-up with what's new and interesting with mashups, Web 2.0 APIs, and the new Web as Platform.