Human information processing: Difference between revisions
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The memory model which dominated the 1970’s and 80’s is the three component information processing system of Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971) insprired by a typicial computer hardware architecture: | The memory model which dominated the 1970’s and 80’s is the three component information processing system of Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971) insprired by a typicial computer hardware architecture: | ||
* Sensory Memory : Analogous to input devices such as a keyboard or more sophisticated devices like a voice recognition system | * Sensory Memory (STSS): Analogous to input devices such as a keyboard or more sophisticated devices like a voice recognition system | ||
* Short Term Memory : Analogous to the CPU and it's random-access memory (RAM) | * Short Term Memory (STM) or working memory: Analogous to the CPU and it's random-access memory (RAM) | ||
* Long Term Memory : Analogous to a storage device like a hard disk | * Long Term Memory (LTM) : Analogous to a storage device like a hard disk | ||
== Principles of the information processing approach == | |||
According to Huitt (2003), there are a few basic principles that most cognitive psychologists agree with: | |||
* The mental system has limited capacities, i.e. bottlenecks in the flow and processing of information, occur at very specific points | |||
* A control mechanism is required to oversee the encoding, transformation, processing, storage, retrieval and utilization of information. This control mechanism requires itself processing power and that varies in function of the difficulty of the task | |||
== References == | |||
* Atkinson, R., & Shiffrin, R. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K Spence & J Spence (Eds.). The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press. | |||
* Huitt, W. (2003). The information processing approach to cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. [http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/infoproc.html HTML] (Retrieved [[User:DSchneider|DSchneider]]) | |||
* Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97 [http://www.well.com/user/smalin/miller.html HTML] | |||
John D. Bransford, Ann L. Brown, and Rodney R. Cocking (eds). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School, Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning, National Research Council, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, [http://newton.nap.edu/html/howpeople1/ HTML] and [http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6160.html HTML] | |||
Revision as of 19:09, 23 August 2006
Definition
- Human information processing theory deals with how people receive, store, integrate, retrieve, and use information.
See also cognitivism.
A short history
Since the first computers, psychologists have drawn parallels between computers and human thought. The memory model which dominated the 1970’s and 80’s is the three component information processing system of Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971) insprired by a typicial computer hardware architecture:
- Sensory Memory (STSS): Analogous to input devices such as a keyboard or more sophisticated devices like a voice recognition system
- Short Term Memory (STM) or working memory: Analogous to the CPU and it's random-access memory (RAM)
- Long Term Memory (LTM) : Analogous to a storage device like a hard disk
Principles of the information processing approach
According to Huitt (2003), there are a few basic principles that most cognitive psychologists agree with:
- The mental system has limited capacities, i.e. bottlenecks in the flow and processing of information, occur at very specific points
- A control mechanism is required to oversee the encoding, transformation, processing, storage, retrieval and utilization of information. This control mechanism requires itself processing power and that varies in function of the difficulty of the task
References
- Atkinson, R., & Shiffrin, R. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K Spence & J Spence (Eds.). The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press.
- Huitt, W. (2003). The information processing approach to cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. HTML (Retrieved DSchneider)
- Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97 HTML
John D. Bransford, Ann L. Brown, and Rodney R. Cocking (eds). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School, Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning, National Research Council, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, HTML and HTML