COAP:Privacy - introduction: Difference between revisions

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Massive use of ICT in business and private life has led to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personally_identifiable_information personally identifiable information] ('''PII'''), i.e. information that can be used to uniquely identify, contact, or locate a single person or can be used with other sources to uniquely identify a single individual (Wikipedia). In addition, the use of [[social software]] and in particular [[social networking]] applications like Facebook allows to draw quite extensive digital profiles of many people. This situation requires - at least in principle - that persons adopt some kind of strategy to manage this information (Jones, 2008). In addition, there should be appropriate legal frameworks to protect the citizens.
Massive use of ICT in business and private life has led to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personally_identifiable_information personally identifiable information] ('''PII'''), i.e. information that can be used to uniquely identify, contact, or locate a single person or can be used with other sources to uniquely identify a single individual (Wikipedia). In addition, the use of [[social software]] and in particular [[social networking]] applications like Facebook allows to draw quite extensive digital profiles of many people. This situation requires - at least in principle - that persons adopt some kind of strategy to manage this information (Jones, 2008). In addition, there should be appropriate legal frameworks to protect the citizens.


== Day one ==
== Your privacy online ==


=== Let's see how you are tracked ===
=== Let's see how you are tracked ===
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* [https://www.google.com/settings/u/0/ads?hl=en Ads settings]
* [https://www.google.com/settings/u/0/ads?hl=en Ads settings]
* [https://history.google.com/ History of your search]
* [https://history.google.com/ History of your search]
* Academics are tracked by http://scholar.google.com (but can control results)


* Short google analytics demo
* Short [https://analytics.google.com/ google analytics] demo


'''Email tracking''' (less known)
'''Email tracking''' (less known)
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Predicting personality traits and behavior from your Facebook 'likes'
Predicting personality traits and behavior from your Facebook 'likes'
* http://applymagicsauce.com/test.html
* http://applymagicsauce.com/


=== Quizzes on privacy ===
=== Quizzes on privacy ===
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* [http://blog.hide-my-ip.com/a-crash-course-on-cookies-ip-mac-tp-advertisers/ A Crash-Course on Cookies, IP, MAC & TP Advertisers] by J. Leger
* [http://blog.hide-my-ip.com/a-crash-course-on-cookies-ip-mac-tp-advertisers/ A Crash-Course on Cookies, IP, MAC & TP Advertisers] by J. Leger


== Day 2 preparation - reading list ==
== Discussion on digital privacy ==
 
(if time left)
'''Instructions'''
 
# Each student must read one paper from the reading list below (or part of it). Work will be distributed at the end of lesson 1
# Please come back with the following items found in your reading:
## One '''important idea or fact''' found in the article (issues)
## One '''guideline''' for either ''institutions that collect data'' or ''individuals that provide data''
## One '''question''' you would like to discuss 
 
Copies of these papers are available through an Intranet. The instructor will give you a login + password. Otherwise, you may try to obtain them through Webster's library online service.
 
==== Defining (Internet) Privacy ====
 
# '''''[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/privacy/ Privacy]''''', Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, First published Tue May 14, 2002; substantive revision Fri Aug 9, 2013
#* '''Student''':
#* Summary: This article discusses the multiple facets of privacy. Good, but somewhat difficult reading.
#* ''Read all''
# Daniel J. Solove (2006). '''''Taxonomy Of Privacy''''', University of Pennsylvania Law Review.
#* '''Student''':  DO
#* Read first part of ''The Taxonomy'' (p 483-490) plus the Conclusion.
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/solove-2006-taxonomy.pdf solove-2006-taxonomy.pdf] (access restricted)
 
==== Young people's behavior ====
 
# Boyd, Danah and Marwick, Alice E., '''''Social Privacy in Networked Publics: Teens’ Attitudes, Practices, and Strategies''''' (September 22, 2011). A Decade in Internet Time: Symposium on the Dynamics of the Internet and Society, September 2011. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1925128
#* '''Student''':  GP
#* This paper represents an ethnographic study on what is teen's privacy and how it is managed
#* Read at least "Privacy in Public" (last section) plus another section on a topic that is of interest.
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/boyd-marwick-2011.pdf boyd-marwick-2011.pdf]  (access restricted)
# Hoofnagle, Chris Jay and King, Jennifer and Li, Su and Turow, Joseph, '''''How Different are Young Adults from Older Adults When it Comes to Information Privacy Attitudes and Policies?''''' (April 14, 2010). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1589864 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1589864
#* '''Student''': EN
#* Quote: We conclude then that that young-adult Americans have an aspiration for increased privacy even while they participate in an online reality that is optimized to increase their revelation of personal data.
#* ''Skim the whole paper''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/hoofnagle-et-al-2010.pdf hoofnagle-et-al-2010.pdf]  (access restricted)
# Marwick, Alice E. and Murgia-Diaz, Diego and Palfrey, John G., '''''Youth, Privacy and Reputation''''' (Literature Review). Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2010-5; Harvard Public Law Working Paper No. 10-29. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1588163 (80 pages)
#* '''Student''':  SM
#* Quote: The scope of this literature review is to map out what is currently understood about the intersections of youth, reputation, and privacy online, focusing on youth attitudes and practices. We summarize both key empirical studies from quantitative and qualitative perspectives and the legal issues involved in regulating privacy and reputation. This project includes studies of children, teenagers, and younger college students.
#* ''Read pages 60-65''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/marwick-et-al-2010.pdf marwick-et-al-2010.pdf]  (access restricted)
 
==== Privacy on the Internet - practical and technical issues ====
 
# Djordje Krivokapi, '''''Who Should Take Care of Identity, Privacy and Reputation?''''' in Cortesi et al., Digitally Connected: Global Perspectives on Youth and Digital Media (March 26, 2015). Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2015-6. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2585686 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2585686
#* '''Student''':  NT
#* ''Read the whole article by Krivokapi (5 pages, p. 35-40)''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/cortesi-gasser-eds-2015.pdf cortesi-gasser-eds-2015.pdf]
# Michal Kosinski, David Stillwell, and Thore Graepel, '''''Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior''''', ''PNAS'' 2013 110 (15) 5802-5805; published ahead of print March 11, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1218772110
#* '''Student''':
#* Quote: We show that easily accessible digital records of behavior, Facebook Likes, can be used to automatically and accurately predict a range of highly sensitive personal attributes including: sexual orientation, ethnicity, religious and political views, personality traits, intelligence, happiness, use of addictive substances, parental separation, age, and gender.
#* See also: [http://mypersonality.org/wiki/doku.php MyPersonality Database]
#* ''Read the whole article''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/Kosinski-PNAS-2013.pdf Kosinski-PNAS-2013.pdf]  (access restricted)
# Seda Gürses. 2014. ''''' Can you engineer privacy?'''''. Commun. ACM 57, 8 (August 2014), 20-23. DOI=10.1145/2633029 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2633029
#* '''Student''':
#* Quote: We cannot engineer society, but neither are our societies independent of the systems we engineer. Hence, as practitioners and researchers we have the responsibility to engineer systems that address privacy concerns.
#* ''Read All''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/gurses-2014.pdf gurses-2014.pdf]  (access restricted)
# Paul Weiser and Simon Scheider. 2014. '''''A civilized cyberspace for geoprivacy.''''' In Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Privacy in Geographic Information Collection and Analysis (GeoPrivacy '14), Carsten Kessler, Grant D. McKenzie, and Lars Kulik (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, , Article 5 , 8 pages. DOI=10.1145/2675682.2676396 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2675682.2676396
#* '''Student''': JA
#* ''Read sections 1,2, 6 (conclusion) and try 5''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/weiser-et-al-2014.pdf weiser-et-al-2014.pdf]  (access restricted)
# Fabian, B., Bender, B., & Weimann, L. (2015). '''''E-Mail Tracking in Online Marketing-Methods, Detection, and Usage''', Wirtschaftsinformatik (pp. 1100-1114).
#* '''Student''':
#* Quote: EMail tracking uses personalized links and pictures for gathering in-formation on user behavior, for example, where, when, on what kind of device, and how often an e-mail has been read. This information can be very useful for marketing  purposes.  On  the  other  hand,  privacy  and security  requirements  of customers could be violated by tracking.
#* ''Read All''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/barocas-et-al-2014.pdf fabian-2015.pdf]  (access restricted)
# Solon Barocas and Helen Nissenbaum. 2014. '''''Big data's end run around procedural privacy protections'''''. Commun. ACM 57, 11 (October 2014), 31-33. DOI=10.1145/2668897 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2668897
#* '''Student''':  YA
#* Quote: When consent is given (or not withheld) or the data is anonymized, virtually any information practice becomes permissible.
#* ''Read all''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/barocas-et-al-2014.pdf barocas-et-al-2014.pdf]  (access restricted)
# Tanmay Sinha, Vrns Srikanth, Mangal Sain, and Hoon Jae Lee. 2013. '''''Trends and research directions for privacy preserving approaches on the cloud.''''' In Proceedings of the 6th ACM India Computing Convention (Compute '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, , Article 21 , 12 pages. DOI=10.1145/2522548.2523138 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2522548.2523138
#* '''Student''':
#* ''Read sections 1,6,7,8''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/tanmay-et-al-2013.pdf tanmay-et-al-2013.pdf]  (access restricted)
# '''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_privacy#Risks_to_Internet_privacy Risks to Internet Privacy]''''' (Wikipedia chapter of the Internet Privacy article)
#* '''Student''':
#* ''Read all''
# Robert Faris and David R. O’Brien, '''''Data and Privacy''''', in Gasser et al. in Gasser, Urs and Zittrain, Jonathan and Faris, Robert and Heacock Jones, Rebekah, Internet Monitor 2014: Reflections on the Digital World: Platforms, Policy, Privacy, and Public Discourse (December 15, 2014). Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2014-17. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2538813.
#* '''Student''':
#* Quote: The mismatch between traditional mechanisms for preserving privacy and the realities of digital networks are more apparent each day. The Internet, “the world’s biggest copy machine,”1 has eliminated the principal mechanism for preserving privacy; it used to be expensive to record and maintain information on the everyday comings and goings of citizens.
#* Read the introduction (p. 63-65) plus 2-3 following ultra-short articles
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/gasser-et-al-2014.pdf gasser-et-al-2014.pdf]
 
==== Mobile apps and other data from your mobile ====
 
# '''''[https://www.priv.gc.ca/media/nr-c/2014/bg_140910_e.asp Results of the 2014 Global Privacy Enforcement Network Sweep]''''', OTTAWA, September 10, 2014
#* '''Student''': JW
#* Quote: The second Global Privacy Enforcement Network (GPEN) Privacy Sweep demonstrates the ongoing commitment of privacy enforcement authorities to work together to promote privacy protection around the world. Some 26 privacy enforcement authorities in 19 countries participated in the 2014 Sweep, which took place May 12-18. Over the course of the week, participants downloaded 1,211 popular mobile apps in a bid to assess the transparency of their privacy practices.
#* Other summaries of this survey: [https://www.privaworks.com/Details/AlertReference.aspx?mode=fr&guid=55026293-89cf-49b5-b427-b62ad1586f3a European Results of the 2014 Global Privacy Enforcement Network Sweep - European Data Protection Authorities], [https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2014/09/global-survey-finds-85-of-mobile-apps-fail-to-provide-basic-privacy-information/ Global survey finds 85% of mobile apps fail to provide basic privacy information], ICO, 2014 (UK), [http://dataprotection.ie/docimages/GPEN_Summary_Global_Results_2014.pdf Data Protection] (IE).
#* ''Read all'' (short HTML pages)
# H. Almuhimedi, F. Schaub, N. Sadeh, I. Adjerid, A. Acquisti, J. Gluck, L. Cranor and Y. Agrawal, '''''Your Location has been Shared 5,398 Times! A Field Study on Mobile App Privacy Nudging''''', to appear in In Proceedings of the 33rd annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI2015. April 2015 (also available as Tech Report CMU-ISR-14-116) [http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/isr2014/CMU-ISR-14-116.pdf PDF]
#* '''Student''':
#* Summary: [http://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2015/march/privacy-nudge.html Study Shows People Act To Protect Privacy When Told How Often Phone Apps Share Personal Information], By Byron Spice, March 2015, CMU News.
#* ''Read the whole summary'' and skim the article
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/Almuhimedi-et-al-2015.pdf Almuhimedi-et-al-2015.pdf]  (access restricted)
 
==== Privacy in Internet-supported research ====
 
# John Leslie King. 2015. '''''Humans in computing: growing responsibilities for researchers'''''. Commun. ACM 58, 3 (February 2015), 31-33. DOI=10.1145/2723675 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2723675
#* '''Student''':  JM
#* Quote: Open issues regarding human welfare will not be settled using an authoritarian approach. Computing researchers in universities and companies cannot do whatever they like. Doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows should be aware of science and engineering ethics. Ethical concerns must lead professional practice and regulation, not the other way around.
#* ''Read all''
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/king-2015.pdf king-2015.pdf]  (access restricted)
 
==== Political action, law and opinions ====
 
# '''''[https://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/global_agenda.pdf Liberty in the age of technology]'''''. ACLU, 2014, (3 pages)
#* '''Student''': YC
#* Quote: Increasing government surveillance worldwide raises tough questions for democracy and civil liberty. Left unchecked, the deployment of intrusive new technologies poses a profound threat to individual privacy. What we need, says  Barry Steinhardt, is stronger regulation to ensure that such technology is used fairly – by governments and businesses alike.
#* Read the whole article
#  Jeff Jarvis, '''[http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/internet/privacy-publicness-and-the-web-a-manifesto Privacy, Publicness, and the Web: A Manifesto]'''. May 21011,  IEEE Spectrum's special report on the battle for the future of the social Web.
#* '''Student''':  VV
#* Read the whole article (a short opinion piece)
#  Bolton, Robert Lee, '''The Right to Be Forgotten: Forced Amnesia in a Technological Age''' (October 15, 2014). 31 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. & Privacy L. 133 (2015); John Marshall Journal of Computer & Information Law, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2513652
#* Quote: In much of Europe, among the citizenry’s rights is a legal concept referred to as le droit à l’oubli. This “right to be forgotten” is a nebulous term whose exact meaning varies by country, but can generally be defined as the right of an individual to control data pertaining to them and have it destroyed if they so desire
#* '''Student''':  MK
#* Read sections "Introduction", "The Law abroad" and Conclusion
#* [http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/privacy/bolton-2015.pdf bolton-2015.pdf] (access restricted)
 
==== Use of medical e-health data ====
 
* To do: Data stored and used by various sensors (digital coaches, etc.) to influence your behavior, e.g. via health insurance.
 
== Day two ==
 
=== Presentations / discussion ===
 
* Each student will present the three items (an issue, a guideline, and a question)
* We will discuss any of these (depending on participant's interests & available time)
 
List of student presentations:
 
* '''Student''':  DO - Taxonomy Of Privacy
 
* '''Student''':  GP - Social Privacy in Networked Publics: Teens’ Attitudes, Practices, and Strategies
 
* '''Student''': EN - How Different are Young Adults from Older Adults When it Comes to Information Privacy Attitudes and Policies?
 
* '''Student''':  SM - Youth, Privacy and Reputation
 
* '''Student''':  NT - Who Should Take Care of Identity, Privacy and Reputation?
 
* '''Student''': JA - A civilized cyberspace for geoprivacy
 
* '''Student''':  YA - 'Big data's end run around procedural privacy protections
 
* '''Student''': JW - Results of the 2014 Global Privacy Enforcement Network Sweep
 
* '''Student''':  JM - Humans in computing: growing responsibilities for researchers
 
* '''Student''': IC - Liberty in the age of technology
 
* '''Student''':  VV -  Privacy, Publicness, and the Web: A Manifesto
 
* '''Student''':  MK - The Right to Be Forgotten: Forced Amnesia in a Technological Age
 
== Presentation and discussion on digital privacy ==


=== Summary of issues ===
=== Summary of issues ===


=== Ideas for guidelines ===
=== Ideas for guidelines ===
See also:
* [[COAP:Privacy/2015 edition]]


== Additional resources ==
== Additional resources ==
Line 321: Line 162:


[[category: courses and workshops]]
[[category: courses and workshops]]
[[category: Privacy]]

Latest revision as of 18:43, 12 January 2017

Introduction

This page includes the program and the resources for an introductory lesson on digital (or Internet) privacy.

Massive use of ICT in business and private life has led to personally identifiable information (PII), i.e. information that can be used to uniquely identify, contact, or locate a single person or can be used with other sources to uniquely identify a single individual (Wikipedia). In addition, the use of social software and in particular social networking applications like Facebook allows to draw quite extensive digital profiles of many people. This situation requires - at least in principle - that persons adopt some kind of strategy to manage this information (Jones, 2008). In addition, there should be appropriate legal frameworks to protect the citizens.

Your privacy online

Let's see how you are tracked

Install the Lightbeam and Ghostery navigator extensions according to instructions. Then interact with two tools, (icons top right)

  • Lightbeam is a Firefox extension that will tell you who is spying on you. When you start it, it will track and visualize all third party websites that interact with your page and your browser.
  • Ghoster (home page) is a Firefox/Chrome browser plugin that “sees the invisible web - tags, web bugs, pixels and beacons. Ghostery tracks the trackers and gives you a roll-call of the ad networks, behavioral data providers, web publishers, and other companies interested in your activity.”

Search engines

If you do have a Google account (Gmail), see what Google knows about you:

Email tracking (less known)

Data can be aggregated from various resources

  • In Europe, most services (e.g. 123people) are now dead and for various reasons. However, online private investigation services do exist.
  • Existing people aggregation services like the following ones offer some data: Pipl.com, (international), Spokeo (USA only)

Predicting personality traits and behavior from your Facebook 'likes'

Quizzes on privacy

Most people don't seem to informed about the situation. See for yourself:

Santa Clara University quiz

Online Privacy Questions concerning US law (Hoofnagle et al., 2014, p. 17)
1. If a website has a privacy policy, it means that the site cannot share information about you with other companies, unless you give the website your permission.
True / False
2. If a website has a privacy policy, it means that the site cannot give your address and purchase history to the government
True / False
3. If a website has a privacy policy, it means that the website must delete information it has about you, such as name and address, if you request them to do so.
True / False
4. If a website violates its privacy policy, it means that you have the right to sue the website for violating it.
True / False
5. If a company wants to follow your internet use across multiple sites on the internet, it must first obtain your permission.
True / False
Offline Privacy Questions
6. When you subscribe to a newspaper or magazine by mail or phone, the publisher is not allowed to sell your address and phone number to other companies without your permission.
True / False
7. When you order a pizza by phone for home delivery, the pizza company is not allowed to sell your address and phone number to other companies without your permission.
True / False
8. When you enter a sweepstakes contest, the sweepstakes company is not allowed to sell your address or phone number to other companies without your permission.
True / False
9. When you give your phone number to a store cashier, the store is not allowed to sell your address or phone number to other companies without your permission.
True / False

Other privacy quizzes

Each student should take one and write down 1-2 surprising things.

Presentation of 1 or 2 cases

Discussion

  • Why does privacy matter ?

Regulations

Major data projection laws in Switzerland, The UK and EU directives

  • None (USA). However there are other laws that partially address the issue, plus "case law" derived from other acts, plus local regulations.

Summaries, including information from government agencies

Protection strategies

What can a user do ?

Navigators

  • Use "private browsing features" when searching for sensitive data
  • Use blocking software if you want more privacy
  • Erase cookies when closing the browser
  • Log out of Google, Yahoo etc. when you conduct search
  • Customize privacy settings, e.g. in Google, examine options in http://myaccount.google.com
  • Use proxies or specialized safe browsers like Tor

Email tracking

  • Disable pictures

Social networks

  • Never post sensitive data, anywhere.
  • Think, before you post anything publicly (or privately).
  • Remove sensitive data, then ask search engines to remove old information, e.g. using Google's remove tool. Changes must be made "at the source". (How to delete yourself from the Internet, by Seth Rosenblatt, April 2012, C|Net.
  • If online data about you violates laws, you can try to act. (e.g. Google's Legal Removal Requests. However, it will not be easy ...
  • Develop your Internet strategy, i.e. plan ahead.

Further (optional) Reading

Discussion on digital privacy

(if time left)

Summary of issues

Ideas for guidelines

Additional resources

Classes
Classes (recent past)
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