Infertility 08

--PaulineL 13 janvier 2009 à 15:42 (MET) and Debora; Marjorie & Nour --DeboraA 20 janvier 2009 à 16:11 (MET) and Pauline

What is infertility ?

Infertility is the unability for a couple to have a child after one year of unprotected sexual rapport.
For women, this means that they cannot conceive, while for men this consists in an unability to impregnate.

What is the difference between infertility and sterility?

Infertility is biologically the inability for a man or a female to produce gametes, while sterility is the total incapacity to produce naturally. In medical usage, sterility usually refers to inability to produce a live child, while infertility is measured by failure to conceive after 1 year without contraception.

What are the causes of infertility and the different symptoms?

There are many causes of infertility. Below are listed some main ones :

• Women

• age
• sexually transmitted diseases
• genital damages/abnormalities
• anovulatory cycle (no ovulation)
• anorexia or bulimia
• smoking, drugs, alcohol

• Men:

• smoking, drugs, alcohol
• overheating of the testicles caused by exercise, hot water, tight clothing, excessive sitting (truck drivers) and other conditions and situations
• sexually transmitted diseases
• use of some medications (antihypertensives, antidepressants, male hormones, cancer treatment)
• genital damages/abnormalities

There is different explanation of infertility :

• The woman can have problems of ovulation:
• Fallopian tubes obstruction: Some people have Fallopian tubes that are blocked. It may be due to a blockage or damages in one or both fallopian tubes
• Age-related factors:
• The man can also be infertile, what reduces twice the chance to manage to have a baby naturally:
• Men and women can have uterine problems:
• There are infertility's case that are unexplained:

What are the different solutions for these infertile people and the issues ?

There are four solution proposed to infertile people :

• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
• Vivo Method

make a short list of those for solutions and then describe each on them--Pierre.brawand 24 janvier 2009 à 14:27 (MET)

The first solution is the in Vitro Fertilization (IVF). This consists in a fertilization outside the female's body. Sperm cells and one mature ova are taken from the parents' bodies and are feconded in an test tube. 48 hours later, the egg is replaced in the uterus of the mother.
This method is ethically controverted. As all the pre-embryos created cannot grow in the uterus, some are destroyed or frozen for further experiments or donnations. But the people who estimate that the pre-embryo has the same rights as any human being say this is murdering.

definitely not enough on IVF. You should describe this in a much precise manner and discuss also some ethical questions here.--Pierre.brawand 24 janvier 2009 à 14:27 (MET) Another solution is the in vivo method, which consists in stimulating the ovaries and taking sperm cells and one ova from the parents. Then, these gametes are put in contact with eachother and reinjected in the female's body. What is the difference with IVF??? I don't see this as different...--Pierre.brawand 24 janvier 2009 à 14:27 (MET) The artificial fertilization is useful when the male doesn't have enough sperm cells or when the spermatozoides don't have the mobility to reach the uterus. Therefore the sperm cells are taken from the male and directly reimjected in the female's uterus. This can also be done with donated cells, and may be injected into another woman, who will carry the embryo instead of the future mother. Lastly, the adoption method is proposed when all the solutions above didn't work.

References

http://www.101lifestyle.com/health/infertility/infertility.html
http://www.chu-toulouse.fr/-l-infertilite-
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12268268
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/infertility/article_em.htm
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
http://www.andrologia.org/eng/maschile_engl.htm

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