« Contraception Ethics 08 » : différence entre les versions
| Ligne 45 : | Ligne 45 : | ||
In a majority of countries, like in Europe or in North America, Contraception is allowed because they consider in the law that the baby become a human beeing twelve weeks after the pregnancy. But for Islamic Countries a baby is still a human beeing after the six first weeks of pregnancy. | In a majority of countries, like in Europe or in North America, Contraception is allowed because they consider in the law that the baby become a human beeing twelve weeks after the pregnancy. But for Islamic Countries a baby is still a human beeing after the six first weeks of pregnancy. | ||
In the other hand, some countries like China limited at one the number of children per family because | In the other hand, some countries like China limited at one the number of children per family because it can't assure a good condition of life if they are too numerous | ||
=What leads us to use contraception?= | =What leads us to use contraception?= | ||
Version du 29 janvier 2009 à 12:24
Definition of contraception
Contraception means avoiding or dicreasing the probability of pregnancy, using some medications, devices, or any other method that is temporary and/or reversible (WHO's definition). It concerns both males and females. The condom, the contraceptive diaphragm, the emergency pill and even abstinence are examples of contraceptive methods. Any form of sterilization such as castration or tubal ligation does not belong to contraceptive methods as they're permanent and irreversible.
What is contraception on an ethical and a scientific point of view?
Scientific point of view:
- It is a voluntary prevention of pregnancy that can be used by both men and women.
- Through many methods, it gives us the possibility to choose between creating a family or not.
- Certains methods give the population a possibility to prevent ourselves from sexual diseases.
- It is an easy way to control population but is against procreative liberty. (ex: China, one child policy)
Ethical point of view:
- Contraception gave the women more rights over their body.
- Contraception gave women the power not to have an unwanted child wich is linked to the fact that women have more rights.
- However, it might be considered as an inhibition of life. Do we kill somebody before he has a chance to live? It leads us into the question of when does Life begin.
- It's a dilemna between reproductive rights : first for a woman to have the right to control her body and secondly the right for everyone to live (as seen in the articles of human rights).
Websites : http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/contraception/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights -
When does Life begin?
AThis is the big question of our chapter. How to define life? How does it begin ? At which step? Is it the shape of an embryo that allows us to call it a human being? Is it its capacity of thinking ? Or does Life begin at fertilization, the meeting of two living cells?
This question really begun in the 90's with the discover of the in vitro fertilization, the scientists asked themselves if the embryo was already a human beeing or not.
First, let us focus just on contraception by itself.
Certain methods of contraception (link: condom, blabla) block the way for egg cells to be fertilized. Here we are talking about haploid gametes that by themselves cannot induce the life cycle, which begins after their fusion. But these methods of contraception are a choice of cells: every cell that will be blocked by contraception looses its chance to create life. It is an intervention on the hasard/random of life. These are the Church's arguments against contraception. But even in the Church Contraception is a controverse topic
mention the fact that contraception is specific for some particular cell type but it does NOT choose a particular embryo to destroy it: it is specific in a way... but not specific in the other. Some other contraceptive methods inhibit the embryo by itself. THis implicates the fact tha their action is made AFTER fertilization. For some people, Life with a big L begins AT fertilization
Legislative Point of view of Contraception
In a majority of countries, like in Europe or in North America, Contraception is allowed because they consider in the law that the baby become a human beeing twelve weeks after the pregnancy. But for Islamic Countries a baby is still a human beeing after the six first weeks of pregnancy.
In the other hand, some countries like China limited at one the number of children per family because it can't assure a good condition of life if they are too numerous
What leads us to use contraception?
Where is contraception allowed?
References
- Movie on Stemm cell: [1]
back to Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04
back to Accueil