Sterilization

What is sterilization?

Sterilization is a surgical technique leaving a male or female unable to procreate. It is a method of birth control. For non-surgical causes of sterility.

Which are the common sterilization methods?

Common sterilization methods include:

• Vasectomy in males. Vasectomy is the most reliable contraception methode known today. This method of contraception implies a surgical act which consists of the binding of the vas deferens of each testicle. However, to the difference of the condom, it does not offer any means of protection against the sexually transmitted diseases.

See Annex 1.

• Tubal ligation in females, known popularly as "having one's tubes tied". The Fallopian tubes, which allow the sperm to fertilize the ovum and would carry the fertilized ovum to the uterus, are closed. This generally involves a general anaethetic and a laparotomy or laparoscopic approach to cut, clip or cauterize the fallopian tubes. Less commonly used is the Essure office procedure of inducing scarring and occlusion of the tubes by the effects of micro-inserts placed by a catheter passed through the cervix and uterus.

See Annex 2.

• Hysterectomy in females. The uterus is surgically removed, permanently preventing pregnancy and some diseases, such as uterine cancer.

• Castration in males. The testicles are surgically removed. This is frequently used for the sterilization of animals, with added effects such as docility, greatly reduced sexual behaviour, and faster weight gain (which is desirable in some cases, for example to accelerate meat production.

good to include several figures here in the final paper version to illustrate your point. Be careful not to copy directly other web sites... the main goal of this learning technique is to synthesize the information, to make a nice hierarchy with the several questions... and by doing this... to LEARN... not just to copy! OK?Pierre.brawand 17 novembre 2007 à 23:25 (MET)

What are the risks of those methods?

when//why do people use those methods?

which are reversible?

• risks for vasectory and tubal ligation

• risk for vasectomy:

Only some small problems can occur, like an infection, bruising or epidydimetis. There is generally no problems to cure these complications if they are well treated.There is no complication during an erection or ejaculating for the patient and the production of testosterone is still the same as before.This method is less expensive and safer than the females ones like the tubal ligation.

The risk of failure is almost impossible, in fact, 99% of the vasectomies are sucessful. Complications occur in approximately 5% of vasectomies.

• risk for tubal ligation:

The main risks in a tubal ligation are the risks that we find for any surgery: the dammage to another internal organ like bladder or bowel, and infection. Some experts think that tubal ligation increase the chances of irregular menstrual cycles but it hasn't been officialy proved.It is considered as a long-term risk.

however, the biggest risk is to regret to have done this. The person who choose to be sterilized has to be sure that he/she doesn't want any children because he/she can't come back anymore after that.

References

http://www.tubalreversalexperts.com/page.cfm?id=35 http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/St-Wr/Vasectomy.html

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