biorousso - Contributions [fr]

IUD 08

2009-02-17T20:15:07Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra'''U'''terine '''D'''evice (also called coil), which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end and hanging outside the opening of the cervix. It is used worldwide and is considered one of the most efficient way of contraception. It is also the most widely used non-permanent contraceptive instrument. (see Annex #1)

=A history of IUDs=

According to some legends, it is the Arabs who had invented a primitive form of IUD. They used to put stones in their camels' uterus during journeys to prevent them from pregnancy. However, there exists no historical proof of the veracity of this tale.

Precursors to the IUDs were invented in the 1900s and were known as interuterine devices because they occupied the uterus and the vagina, but they were condemned because of their high infection rate.

The very first so-called intrauterine device has been invented by Dr Richter of Waldenburg, who published in 1909 an article called 'Ein Mittel zur Verhütung der Konzeption' ('A means of preventing conception'), where he described a device made of silkworm gut (a silky fibrous substance extracted from silkworms) wrapped in a particular pattern, covered on the ends by celluloid to protect the endometrium from injury. However, his invention was ignored.

In the 1920s Ernst Gräfenberg (also known as the inventor of the first pregnancy test) improved Richter’s instrument and created a device made of helicoidally wrapped wound silver, called Gräfenberg’s Ring. However, Gräfenberg was not aware that the silver he used was contaminated at 26% with copper. The properties of copper were only discovered three decades later. (see Annex #2)

In the 1930s in Japan, Tenrei Ota imagined an IUD containing a supportive structure in the center and which consisted of a central disc attached to a ring by strings. Ota has invented the first plastic IUD, but its poor quality prevented it from being a success. Because of World War 2 his work was only discovered after the war.

In the 1940s new IUDs made of thermoplastics, which had memory of form, solved the problem of insertion. Jack Lippes improved IUDs by removing the strings and adding a filament of nylon so that the wearer could verify whether the IUD was still in place. He also gave a double S loop shape to the IUD to prevent the IUD from rotating in the uterus.

In the 1970s Jaime Zipper discovered the properties of copper ions. Another scientist of this period, Howard Tatum, believed that the expulsion of IUDs was caused by the shape of the device. The collaboration of these two scientists led to the creation of a T-shaped copper-bearing IUD.

Other types of IUD were made as well at that time. The scandal of the IUD produced by Dalkon Corporation broke out in the US in the end 1970s. The firm produced an IUD which was known by the producer to be dangerous to the user, because of the high risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that seemed to be induced by the device. Some 2.8 million women had used it at its peak, and at least seven women died of it. This may explain why IUDs are so unpopular and unused in the USA, compared to other countries.

In 1976 Tapani J.V. Luukkainen made a flexible copper IUD and replaced the copper filament by a small reservoir releasing hormones for a period of 5 years: Mirena was created. In addition to preventing pregnancy, as it will be explained further, it induces changes in the cervical mucus, which stops sperm cells and bacteria, so the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease is very low.

Dirk Wildemeersch imagined in 1984 a virtually frameless IUD that would never be expulsed and invented an IUD made of copper sleeves linked by a polypropylene thread, which would be placed in the uterus permanently. It has been the last major improvement in the development of IUDs, and this invention is today known as GyneFix. Its inventor called it IUCI for IntraUterine Contraceptive Implant and to distinguish his invention from older generation IUDs.

[[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:45 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. In fact, the mucus in the cervix changes and becomes thicker, so the sperm cells do not receive the nutriments they need and cannot enter the uterus (or are too weakened). This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant. This happens because the corpus luteum deteriorates too fast and does not secrete progesterone, so the endometrium does not thicken. </li>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:SandyR|SandyR]] 1 février 2009 à 22:33 (MET)

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two existing IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.
(See Annex #3)

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard]. Copper IUDs usually last 10 years or slightly more.

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix stickier, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. A hormonal IUD stays effective for at least 5 years. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if women who use IUD methods have many partners and do not use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is higher; besides, these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection. Moreover, the presence of an IUD can increase the risk of the infection being carried into the uterus.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain.(see Annex #4) 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In addition, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable.

The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus.

An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding woman must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk.
Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]).

It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill. Moreover, once in place, the copper-T IUD can be left in the uterus and used as a normal contraception method.
[[Utilisateur:SandyR|SandyR]] 1 février 2009 à 21:41 (MET)

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Has an ovarian, cervical or endometrial cancer [[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:49 (MET)</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources declare IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=Problems with IUDs=

If pregnancy occurs, the device should be removed, because it can cause miscarriage or preterm birth; however, it does not cause birth defects. The earlier the IUD is removed, the lower is the risk of miscarriage. Actually, the removal of the IUD can also cause miscarriage, but the risk of miscarriage is higher if the IUD is not removed than if it is left inside.

A woman who uses an IUD must absolutely call a doctor in case where she:
<ul>
<li>Has important or irregular flow with a copper IUD</li>
<li>Experiences abdominal pain or cramping</li>
<li>Has been infected or exposed to an STD</li>
<li>Does not feel well or has fevers higher than 38°C</li>
<li>Strings of the IUD are longer or shorter than usual, or missing.</li>
</ul>

Since the hormones which prevent the endometrium of becoming thicker are diffused in the organism, it is possible that a woman misses a menstrual period if she uses a LNg IUD (hormonal IUD). However, if she wants to be sure that she is not pregnant, she can do a pregnancy test.

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=

IUDs prevent pregnancy for a quite long period of time, which varies depending on the type of the IUD. One could think that IUDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they normally do not disturb it at all and allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>Effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>The costs of IUDs are about 50CHF to 100CHF, so if it is used for a long period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>It is highly effective, 99.5 %, so the risk of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>After insertion women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li>Emergency contraception, as has been mentioned before
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> Effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> Like the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> Highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> It is slightly more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 150CHF to 250CHF and does not last as long as the other; nevertheless, it stays cheaper than other contraception methods, like pill
<li> Emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> As this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as when using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> Less painful menstruations</li>
<li> Lighter periods than usual - for instance, hormonal IUDs are recommended for women who suffer from moenorrhagia (heavy and long menstrual periods at regular intervals)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> No protection against STDs </li>
<li> Can be expelled from the uterus </li>
<li> A clinical exam is required before insertion and removal </li>
<li> Insertion can be painful </li>
<li> Some IUDs can cause longer and more painful periods </li>
<li> There are some risks for future fertility </li>
<li> Some rare risks of uterine's damages or infections
<li> Side effetcs with the Mirena, due to the hormones it contains, such as:</li>
<ul>
<li> Weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne </li>
<li> Depression </li>
<li> Ovarian cysts </li>
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy: IUDs can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a copper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, such as Mirena, she will not immediately be fertile again .
In most cases the fact that a woman has had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, such as perforation or pelvic infection, have occurred, the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infections of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

correction [[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:52 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

IUD can sometimes cause ethical problems. Of course, in case it only stops sperm cells from fertilizing the ovum or prevents ovulation, only gametes are destroyed,which is not an issue from a moral point of view. However, as it has been stated above, IUDs can also inhibit the thickening of the endometrium, so that the fertilized egg cannot implant in it. If so, IUDs cause the expulsion of a fertilized egg, which means killing it. So shall we consider an unimplanted fertilized egg an entire form of life or not?
Some 'pro-life' people say that an egg that has already been conceived is a form of life, while others state that life starts only when the fertilized egg has implanted on the endometrium.

To people who consider that life begins with conception, the use of an IUD is the same as abortion, or even committing infanticide. However, today the ethical problem caused by IUDs is rarely mentioned. No important initiative has been made to forbid IUDs. This is quite strange, because, if a woman uses an IUD, knowing that she has sex once a week, she will expel about one fertilized egg per year, which is much more than the abortion rate per woman made every year. Moreover, because of their effectiveness, IUDs are becoming more and more popular.

Today the Roman Catholic Church forbids the use of IUDs.

For further information concerning ethics of contraception see [[Contraception_Ethics 08]].

{{co|Please make a link with the Contraception_Ethics chapter}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 4 février 2009 à 22:45 (MET)

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html
#http://www.birth-control-comparison.info/iudinfo.htm
#http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/iud-4245.htm
#http://www.thewomens.org.au/IntraUterineDeviceIUD
#http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/intrauterine-device-iud-for-birth-control

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-02-17T18:32:25Z

StephanieB : /* What are the disadvantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra'''U'''terine '''D'''evice (also called coil), which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end and hanging outside the opening of the cervix. It is used worldwide and is considered one of the most efficient way of contraception. It is also the most widely used non-permanent contraceptive instrument. (see Annex #1)

=A history of IUDs=

According to some legends, it is the Arabs who had invented a primitive form of IUD. They used to put stones in their camels' uterus during journeys to prevent them from pregnancy. However, there exists no historical proof of the veracity of this tale.

Precursors to the IUDs were invented in the 1900s and were known as interuterine devices because they occupied the uterus and the vagina, but they were condemned because of their high infection rate.

The very first so-called intrauterine device has been invented by Dr Richter of Waldenburg, who published in 1909 an article called 'Ein Mittel zur Verhütung der Konzeption' ('A means of preventing conception'), where he described a device made of silkworm gut (a silky fibrous substance extracted from silkworms) wrapped in a particular pattern, covered on the ends by celluloid to protect the endometrium from injury. However, his invention was ignored.

In the 1920s Ernst Gräfenberg (also known as the inventor of the first pregnancy test) improved Richter’s instrument and created a device made of helicoidally wrapped wound silver, called Gräfenberg’s Ring. However, Gräfenberg was not aware that the silver he used was contaminated at 26% with copper. The properties of copper were only discovered three decades later. (see Annex #2)

In the 1930s in Japan, Tenrei Ota imagined an IUD containing a supportive structure in the center and which consisted of a central disc attached to a ring by strings. Ota has invented the first plastic IUD, but its poor quality prevented it from being a success. Because of World War 2 his work was only discovered after the war.

In the 1940s new IUDs made of thermoplastics, which had memory of form, solved the problem of insertion. Jack Lippes improved IUDs by removing the strings and adding a filament of nylon so that the wearer could verify whether the IUD was still in place. He also gave a double S loop shape to the IUD to prevent the IUD from rotating in the uterus.

In the 1970s Jaime Zipper discovered the properties of copper ions. Another scientist of this period, Howard Tatum, believed that the expulsion of IUDs was caused by the shape of the device. The collaboration of these two scientists led to the creation of a T-shaped copper-bearing IUD.

Other types of IUD were made as well at that time. The scandal of the IUD produced by Dalkon Corporation broke out in the US in the end 1970s. The firm produced an IUD which was known by the producer to be dangerous to the user, because of the high risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that seemed to be induced by the device. Some 2.8 million women had used it at its peak, and at least seven women died of it. This may explain why IUDs are so unpopular and unused in the USA, compared to other countries.

In 1976 Tapani J.V. Luukkainen made a flexible copper IUD and replaced the copper filament by a small reservoir releasing hormones for a period of 5 years: Mirena was created. In addition to preventing pregnancy, as it will be explained further, it induces changes in the cervical mucus, which stops sperm cells and bacteria, so the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease is very low.

Dirk Wildemeersch imagined in 1984 a virtually frameless IUD that would never be expulsed and invented an IUD made of copper sleeves linked by a polypropylene thread, which would be placed in the uterus permanently. It has been the last major improvement in the development of IUDs, and this invention is today known as GyneFix. Its inventor called it IUCI for IntraUterine Contraceptive Implant and to distinguish his invention from older generation IUDs.

[[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:45 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. In fact, the mucus in the cervix changes and becomes thicker, so the sperm cells do not receive the nutriments they need and cannot enter the uterus (or are too weakened). This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant. This happens because the corpus luteum deteriorates too fast and does not secrete progesterone, so the endometrium does not thicken. </li>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:SandyR|SandyR]] 1 février 2009 à 22:33 (MET)

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two existing IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.
(See Annex #3)

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard]. Copper IUDs usually last 10 years or slightly more.

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix stickier, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. A hormonal IUD stays effective for at least 5 years. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if women who use IUD methods have many partners and do not use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is higher; besides, these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection. Moreover, the presence of an IUD can increase the risk of the infection being carried into the uterus.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain.(see Annex #4) 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In addition, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable.

The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus.

An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding woman must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk.
Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]).

It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill. Moreover, once in place, the copper-T IUD can be left in the uterus and used as a normal contraception method.
[[Utilisateur:SandyR|SandyR]] 1 février 2009 à 21:41 (MET)

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Has an ovarian, cervical or endometrial cancer [[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:49 (MET)</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources declare IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=Problems with IUDs=

If pregnancy occurs, the device should be removed, because it can cause miscarriage or preterm birth; however, it does not cause birth defects. The earlier the IUD is removed, the lower is the risk of miscarriage. Actually, the removal of the IUD can also cause miscarriage, but the risk of miscarriage is higher if the IUD is not removed than if it is left inside.

A woman who uses an IUD must absolutely call a doctor in case where she:
<ul>
<li>Has important or irregular flow with a copper IUD</li>
<li>Experiences abdominal pain or cramping</li>
<li>Has been infected or exposed to an STD</li>
<li>Does not feel well or has fevers higher than 38°C</li>
<li>Strings of the IUD are longer or shorter than usual, or missing.</li>
</ul>

Since the hormones which prevent the endometrium of becoming thicker are diffused in the organism, it is possible that a woman misses a menstrual period if she uses a LNg IUD (hormonal IUD). However, if she wants to be sure that she is not pregnant, she can do a pregnancy test.

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=

IUDs prevent pregnancy for a quite long period of time, which varies depending on the type of the IUD. One could think that IUDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they normally do not disturb it at all and allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>Effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>The costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>It is highly effective, 99.5 %, so the risk of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>After insertion women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li>Emergency contraception, as has been mentioned before
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> Effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> Like the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> Highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> It is slightly more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and does not last as long as the other; nevertheless, it stays cheaper than other contraception methods, like the pill
<li> Emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> As this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as when using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> Less painful menstruations</li>
<li> Lighter periods than usual - for instance, hormonal IUDs are recommended for women who suffer from moenorrhagia (heavy and long menstrual periods at regular intervals)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> No protection against STDs </li>
<li> Can be expelled from the uterus </li>
<li> A clinical exam is required before insertion and removal </li>
<li> Insertion can be painful </li>
<li> Some IUDs can cause longer and more painful periods </li>
<li> There are some risks for future fertility </li>
<li> Some rare risks of uterine's damages or infections
<li> Side effetcs with the Mirena, due to the hormones it contains, such as:</li>
<ul>
<li> Weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne </li>
<li> Depression </li>
<li> Ovarian cysts </li>
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy: IUDs can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a copper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, such as Mirena, she will not immediately be fertile again .
In most cases the fact that a woman has had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, such as perforation or pelvic infection, have occurred, the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infections of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

correction [[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:52 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

IUD can sometimes cause ethical problems. Of course, in case it only stops sperm cells from fertilizing the ovum or prevents ovulation, only gametes are destroyed,which is not an issue from a moral point of view. However, as it has been stated above, IUDs can also inhibit the thickening of the endometrium, so that the fertilized egg cannot implant in it. If so, IUDs cause the expulsion of a fertilized egg, which means killing it. So shall we consider an unimplanted fertilized egg an entire form of life or not?
Some 'pro-life' people say that an egg that has already been conceived is a form of life, while others state that life starts only when the fertilized egg has implanted on the endometrium.

To people who consider that life begins with conception, the use of an IUD is the same as abortion, or even committing infanticide. However, today the ethical problem caused by IUDs is rarely mentioned. No important initiative has been made to forbid IUDs. This is quite strange, because, if a woman uses an IUD, knowing that she has sex once a week, she will expel about one fertilized egg per year, which is much more than the abortion rate per woman made every year. Moreover, because of their effectiveness, IUDs are becoming more and more popular.

Today the Roman Catholic Church forbids the use of IUDs.

For further information concerning ethics of contraception see [[Contraception_Ethics 08]].

{{co|Please make a link with the Contraception_Ethics chapter}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 4 février 2009 à 22:45 (MET)

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html
#http://www.birth-control-comparison.info/iudinfo.htm
#http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/iud-4245.htm
#http://www.thewomens.org.au/IntraUterineDeviceIUD
#http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/intrauterine-device-iud-for-birth-control

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-02-17T18:26:07Z

StephanieB : /* Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra'''U'''terine '''D'''evice (also called coil), which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end and hanging outside the opening of the cervix. It is used worldwide and is considered one of the most efficient way of contraception. It is also the most widely used non-permanent contraceptive instrument. (see Annex #1)

=A history of IUDs=

According to some legends, it is the Arabs who had invented a primitive form of IUD. They used to put stones in their camels' uterus during journeys to prevent them from pregnancy. However, there exists no historical proof of the veracity of this tale.

Precursors to the IUDs were invented in the 1900s and were known as interuterine devices because they occupied the uterus and the vagina, but they were condemned because of their high infection rate.

The very first so-called intrauterine device has been invented by Dr Richter of Waldenburg, who published in 1909 an article called 'Ein Mittel zur Verhütung der Konzeption' ('A means of preventing conception'), where he described a device made of silkworm gut (a silky fibrous substance extracted from silkworms) wrapped in a particular pattern, covered on the ends by celluloid to protect the endometrium from injury. However, his invention was ignored.

In the 1920s Ernst Gräfenberg (also known as the inventor of the first pregnancy test) improved Richter’s instrument and created a device made of helicoidally wrapped wound silver, called Gräfenberg’s Ring. However, Gräfenberg was not aware that the silver he used was contaminated at 26% with copper. The properties of copper were only discovered three decades later. (see Annex #2)

In the 1930s in Japan, Tenrei Ota imagined an IUD containing a supportive structure in the center and which consisted of a central disc attached to a ring by strings. Ota has invented the first plastic IUD, but its poor quality prevented it from being a success. Because of World War 2 his work was only discovered after the war.

In the 1940s new IUDs made of thermoplastics, which had memory of form, solved the problem of insertion. Jack Lippes improved IUDs by removing the strings and adding a filament of nylon so that the wearer could verify whether the IUD was still in place. He also gave a double S loop shape to the IUD to prevent the IUD from rotating in the uterus.

In the 1970s Jaime Zipper discovered the properties of copper ions. Another scientist of this period, Howard Tatum, believed that the expulsion of IUDs was caused by the shape of the device. The collaboration of these two scientists led to the creation of a T-shaped copper-bearing IUD.

Other types of IUD were made as well at that time. The scandal of the IUD produced by Dalkon Corporation broke out in the US in the end 1970s. The firm produced an IUD which was known by the producer to be dangerous to the user, because of the high risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that seemed to be induced by the device. Some 2.8 million women had used it at its peak, and at least seven women died of it. This may explain why IUDs are so unpopular and unused in the USA, compared to other countries.

In 1976 Tapani J.V. Luukkainen made a flexible copper IUD and replaced the copper filament by a small reservoir releasing hormones for a period of 5 years: Mirena was created. In addition to preventing pregnancy, as it will be explained further, it induces changes in the cervical mucus, which stops sperm cells and bacteria, so the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease is very low.

Dirk Wildemeersch imagined in 1984 a virtually frameless IUD that would never be expulsed and invented an IUD made of copper sleeves linked by a polypropylene thread, which would be placed in the uterus permanently. It has been the last major improvement in the development of IUDs, and this invention is today known as GyneFix. Its inventor called it IUCI for IntraUterine Contraceptive Implant and to distinguish his invention from older generation IUDs.

[[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:45 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. In fact, the mucus in the cervix changes and becomes thicker, so the sperm cells do not receive the nutriments they need and cannot enter the uterus (or are too weakened). This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant. This happens because the corpus luteum deteriorates too fast and does not secrete progesterone, so the endometrium does not thicken. </li>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:SandyR|SandyR]] 1 février 2009 à 22:33 (MET)

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two existing IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.
(See Annex #3)

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard]. Copper IUDs usually last 10 years or slightly more.

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix stickier, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. A hormonal IUD stays effective for at least 5 years. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if women who use IUD methods have many partners and do not use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is higher; besides, these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection. Moreover, the presence of an IUD can increase the risk of the infection being carried into the uterus.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain.(see Annex #4) 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In addition, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable.

The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus.

An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding woman must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk.
Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]).

It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill. Moreover, once in place, the copper-T IUD can be left in the uterus and used as a normal contraception method.
[[Utilisateur:SandyR|SandyR]] 1 février 2009 à 21:41 (MET)

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Has an ovarian, cervical or endometrial cancer [[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:49 (MET)</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources declare IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=Problems with IUDs=

If pregnancy occurs, the device should be removed, because it can cause miscarriage or preterm birth; however, it does not cause birth defects. The earlier the IUD is removed, the lower is the risk of miscarriage. Actually, the removal of the IUD can also cause miscarriage, but the risk of miscarriage is higher if the IUD is not removed than if it is left inside.

A woman who uses an IUD must absolutely call a doctor in case where she:
<ul>
<li>Has important or irregular flow with a copper IUD</li>
<li>Experiences abdominal pain or cramping</li>
<li>Has been infected or exposed to an STD</li>
<li>Does not feel well or has fevers higher than 38°C</li>
<li>Strings of the IUD are longer or shorter than usual, or missing.</li>
</ul>

Since the hormones which prevent the endometrium of becoming thicker are diffused in the organism, it is possible that a woman misses a menstrual period if she uses a LNg IUD (hormonal IUD). However, if she wants to be sure that she is not pregnant, she can do a pregnancy test.

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=

IUDs prevent pregnancy for a quite long period of time, which varies depending on the type of the IUD. One could think that IUDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they normally do not disturb it at all and allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>Effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>The costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>It is highly effective, 99.5 %, so the risk of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>After insertion women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li>Emergency contraception, as has been mentioned before
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> Effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> Like the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> Highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> It is slightly more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and does not last as long as the other; nevertheless, it stays cheaper than other contraception methods, like the pill
<li> Emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> As this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as when using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> Less painful menstruations</li>
<li> Lighter periods than usual - for instance, hormonal IUDs are recommended for women who suffer from moenorrhagia (heavy and long menstrual periods at regular intervals)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> No protection against STDs </li>
<li> Can be expelled from the uterus </li>
<li> A clinical exam is required before insertion and removal </li>
<li> Insertion can be painful </li>
<li> Some IUDs can cause longer and more painful periods </li>
<li> There are some risks for future fertility </li>
<li> Side effetcs with the Mirena, due to the hormones it contains, such as:</li>
<ul>
<li> Weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne </li>
<li> Depression </li>
<li> Ovarian cysts </li>
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy: IUDs can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a copper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, such as Mirena, she will not immediately be fertile again .
In most cases the fact that a woman has had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, such as perforation or pelvic infection, have occurred, the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infections of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

correction [[Utilisateur:NaomieW|NaomieW]] 1 février 2009 à 18:52 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

IUD can sometimes cause ethical problems. Of course, in case it only stops sperm cells from fertilizing the ovum or prevents ovulation, only gametes are destroyed,which is not an issue from a moral point of view. However, as it has been stated above, IUDs can also inhibit the thickening of the endometrium, so that the fertilized egg cannot implant in it. If so, IUDs cause the expulsion of a fertilized egg, which means killing it. So shall we consider an unimplanted fertilized egg an entire form of life or not?
Some 'pro-life' people say that an egg that has already been conceived is a form of life, while others state that life starts only when the fertilized egg has implanted on the endometrium.

To people who consider that life begins with conception, the use of an IUD is the same as abortion, or even committing infanticide. However, today the ethical problem caused by IUDs is rarely mentioned. No important initiative has been made to forbid IUDs. This is quite strange, because, if a woman uses an IUD, knowing that she has sex once a week, she will expel about one fertilized egg per year, which is much more than the abortion rate per woman made every year. Moreover, because of their effectiveness, IUDs are becoming more and more popular.

Today the Roman Catholic Church forbids the use of IUDs.

For further information concerning ethics of contraception see [[Contraception_Ethics 08]].

{{co|Please make a link with the Contraception_Ethics chapter}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 4 février 2009 à 22:45 (MET)

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html
#http://www.birth-control-comparison.info/iudinfo.htm
#http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/iud-4245.htm
#http://www.thewomens.org.au/IntraUterineDeviceIUD
#http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/intrauterine-device-iud-for-birth-control

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:41:57Z

StephanieB : /* Regaining fertility */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding woman must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that IUDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all and allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<ul>
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne
<li> depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy, IUDs can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, such as Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman has had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, such as perforation or pelvic infection, have occured, the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infections of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:41:10Z

StephanieB : /* Regaining fertility */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding woman must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that IUDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all and allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<ul>
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne
<li> depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, such as Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman has had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, such as perforation or pelvic infection, have occured, the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infections of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:37:56Z

StephanieB : /* Long-term contraception */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding woman must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that IUDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all and allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<ul>
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne
<li> depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:36:30Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that IUDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all and allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<ul>
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne
<li> depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:30:14Z

StephanieB : /* What are the roles of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<ul>
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne
<li> depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:25:21Z

StephanieB : /* What do women have to do when they want to have a baby? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<ul>
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne
<li> depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=Regaining fertility=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormones, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent sterility. [[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:18:28Z

StephanieB : /* What are the disadvantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<ul>
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne
<li> depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:14:05Z

StephanieB : /* When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

==Long-term contraception==

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

==Emergency contraception==

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne, depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:09:31Z

StephanieB : /* What are the disadvantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne, depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
 --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:08:36Z

StephanieB : /* What are the disadvantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
<ul>
<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne, depression
<li> ovarian cysts
</ul>
--[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-29T14:07:18Z

StephanieB : /* How is an IUD inserted and when? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<ul>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual
</ul>
</ul>
[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=

<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne, depression
<li> ovarian cysts

--[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T17:29:29Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min. stéph''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> emergency contraception, if inserted until five days after the intercourse
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual

[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=

<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne, depression
<li> ovarian cysts

--[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T17:25:37Z

StephanieB : /* What are the disadvantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min. stéph''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual

[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=

<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> insertion and removal required a clinical exam and insertion can be painful
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne, depression
<li> ovarian cysts

--[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T17:24:03Z

StephanieB : /* What are the disadvantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min. stéph''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual

[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=

<li> don't protect against STDs
<li> can be expelled from the uterus
<li> can cause longer and more painful periods
<li> there are some risks for future fertility
<li> side effetcs with the Mirena, which are due to the hormons it contains, such as :
<li> weight gain, headaches, increased blood pressure, acne, depression
<li> ovarian cysts

--[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:24 (MET)

=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T17:14:10Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min. stéph''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse. In fact they don't disturb it at all, they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual

[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T17:11:06Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min. stéph''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
The IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse, in fact they don't disturb it at all,they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception methods, like pill
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual

--[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 18:11 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T17:09:46Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min. stéph''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
The IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD. One could think that UIDs can be perceptible during intercourse, in fact they don't disturb it at all,they rather allow sexual spontaneity.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
<li> highly effective, 99.9 %
<li> it is a bit more expensive than the Paragard IUD, it costs about 300$ to 400$ and lasts less longer than the other, however it stays cheaper than contraception like pill
<li> as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual

--[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:54 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T16:54:34Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min. stéph''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
The IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, women do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, they just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
<ul>
<li> effective for five years after insertion</li>
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion</li>
</ul>
<li>as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means:</li>
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than usual --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:54 (MET)

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T16:48:07Z

StephanieB : /* How is an IUD inserted and when? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min. stéph''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
The IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, we do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, we just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than the other IUDs
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T16:47:30Z

StephanieB : /* How is an IUD inserted and when? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

''Are you sure that the insertion takes more than 20min? It is a detail, but I found it took only 5 to 15 min.''

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
The IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, we do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, we just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than the other IUDs
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T16:40:09Z

StephanieB : /* What do women have to do when they want to have a baby? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
The IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, we do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, we just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than the other IUDs
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

The principle is easy, IUD can be removed at any time and the removal is quicker than the insertion. If the woman has a coppper-containing IUD, she can become pregnant right after its removal. However, if she uses an IUD which contains hormons, as the Mirena, she will not be fertile again immediately.
In most cases, the fact that a woman had had an IUD is not a problem for pregnancy. But sometimes, if problems, as perforation or pelvic infection, did occur,the uterus or the fallopian tubes may have been damaged and it can have negative effects on a woman's fertility. In the worst cases, when there are severe infection of the uterus, women have to do a hysterectomy, which means removing the uterus. This results in permanent fertility. --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 28 janvier 2009 à 17:40 (MET)

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T16:18:07Z

StephanieB :

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
The IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, we do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, we just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than the other IUDs
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=
=What do women have to do when they want to have a baby?=

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-28T16:10:02Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

Naomie & Julia, Sandy & Stephanie

=What does IUD mean?=
'''IUD''' is the abbreviation for '''I'''ntra '''U'''terine '''D'''evice, which is a birth control instrument inserted within the uterus, containing active elements, such as copper or hormones. It is a flexible T-shaped plastic device with a string attached to its end.
{{co|you could give here a more precise definition}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:22 (MET)

=A history of IUDs=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=
The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells encountering an ovum. The basic IUD modifies neither the uterine cycle nor the ovarian cycle. The menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize them, unlike the pill.

I would recommend that you either develop this topic or suppress it. You could possibly transfer some information from this topic to others (e.g. 'How IUDs work'). I am afraid that, as it is, it looks rather strange and out of context. - [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 21 janvier 2009 à 20:26 (MET)

=How does it work?=

No one is completely sure about the exact way IUDs prevent pregnancy. However, it is commonly believed that it can have the three following effects:

<ul>
<li>Affecting sperm movements and preventing its survival in the uterus by making the environment more hostile. This ensures that sperm cellls will not be able to go through to the egg and fertilize it.</li>
<li>Changing the lining of the fallopian tubes, which prevents ovulation - hence, there is no egg to fertilize.</li>
<li>Inhibiting the thickening of the endometrium and thus leaving no space where a fertilized egg could implant.</li>
</ul>

=What types of IUDs are there?=

The two exisiting IUD types are copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are statistically slightly more efficient than copper IUDs.

==Copper IUDs==
A copper wire is wrapped around the stem of such devices. Copper particles released by such an IUD influence the uterus and fallopian tubes, making them produce a sperm-killing liquid containing white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. The most widely known copper IUD is called [http://www.paragard.com/ Paragard].

==Hormonal IUDs==

These devices usually contain progestin, a hormone with effects similar to those of progesterone. It prevents the endometrium from becoming too thick and makes the mucus in the cervix more sticky, so that the sperm cannot get through to the uterus. The most frequently used hormonal IUD is the levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, commonly known as [http://www.mirena.com/ Mirena]; levonorgestrel is a form of progestin. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

{{co|you should consider here showing a figure with an Annex. I'll show you how to proceed...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:24 (MET)

==Emergency IUDs==

An other type of IUD is used in case of emergency contraceptive method. It is called Copper T IUD. This IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex and will prevent the implantation of the possible fertilized egg in the endomentrium. It can also be left inside the uterus and be used as a normal contraceptive method for several years.

Cf 'When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?' Please, either transfer the information to that topic or erase the last part of my article, completing yours.[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 22 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)?=

No, so condoms are highly recommended even while using an IUD. In fact, if girls, who use IUD methods, have many partners and don't use condoms, the risk of getting STDs is greater and these diseases can develop into a pelvic infection.

=How is an IUD inserted and when?=

Before inserting an IUD, a woman has to undergo a clinical check, where the position and the size of the uterus are checked, as well as the possible presence of an infection. The insertion itself seldom takes more than 20 minutes. The cervix is cleansed with an antiseptic and held in place by a tenaculum, then the IUD, folded inside a long insertion tube, is introduced into the uterus and slowly released from its container by withdrawing the latter. The IUD thus unfolds into its usual "T" shape. The string of the device protrudes from the cervix, allowing a verification of the IUD's presence, as well as its removal, if needed. An anaesthetic may be used during the operation to relieve possible pain. 
Although an IUD can theoretically be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to install it during the phase of menstrual bleeding in order to be sure the woman is not pregnant and to make the insertion procedure more comfortable. If the IUD is inserted during a different phase, one should take a hormonal contraceptive (for example, the pill - information at [[Pill_08]]) until the next menstruation. An IUD can also be installed immediately after childbirth or after an abortion (cf [[Abortion_08]]) made during the first trimester of pregnancy. [[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 17 janvier 2009 à 11:09 (MET)

=Once inserted, how should one check the IUD?=

After each period, the woman should check whether the IUD has not been expulsed by verifying the presence of the string in her uterus. In additian, yearly checkups are required.

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method?=

IUDs are recommended to women who are in a stable monogamous relationship and want a long-term contraception without much effort. Polygamous relations on either the woman's or on her partner's side increase the risks of getting a STD, from which the IUD is unable to deliver a protection - that is why the relationship has to be stable. The IUD will be easier accepted by the organism of a parous woman (i.e. a woman who has already given birth), because there is less risks that the IUD is expelled from the uterus. An IUD is frequently used by women who cannot use other means of birth control, for example, if they are allergic to estrogen or are breastfeeding; however, a breastfeeding women must realize that if she uses a hormonal IUD, the secreted hormone will be contained in the breast milk. Smokers who are over 35 years old also ought to avoid hormonal means of birth control.

A copper IUD can also be used as a means of emergency contraception within a week after an unprotected intercourse (for more info [[Emergency_contraception_08]]). 
It either stops the sperm cells from fertilizing the egg, or prevents the implantement of an egg that has already been fertilized. It is extremely effective: in fact, out of 1000 women who use a copper IUD for emergency contraception, only one will become pregnant - which means a 99.9% efficiency. This rate is considerably higher than that of an emergency contraceptive pill.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:30 (MET)

{{co|Good. Maybe explain why IUD is recommended for women with a stable relation,etc...}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:25 (MET)

=In which cases should a woman not use an IUD?=

The use of an IUD, in general, is not recommended for a woman who:

<ul>
<li>Knows or suspects she is pregnant</li>
<li>Has a STD or has had one within the past 3 months</li>
<li>Has a recent or current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - an infection of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes or ovaries, caused by some STDs</li>
<li>Has lesions in the genital tract</li>
<li>Has unexplained uterine bleeding</li>
<li>Has a structural abnormalty of the uterus</li>
<li>Does not intend to use condoms to protect herself from STDs</li>
</ul>

More particularly, a copper IUD should not be used if the woman:

<ul>
<li>Has bleeding disorders or is taking anticoagulants</li>
<li>Is allergic to copper</li>
<li>Has [http://www.wilsonsdisease.org Wilson's disease], a genetic defect causing an accumulation of copper in a person's liver or brain</li>
</ul>

In these three cases the woman can still use a hormonal IUD. 
There are different opinions as to the case when a woman has had an ectopic pregnancy ( i.e. when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus - see [[Pregnancy Childbirth 08]]): some sources say IUDs can be used quite safely, while others state that these devices should be avoided.

[[Utilisateur:JuliaD|Julia]] 27 janvier 2009 à 16:40 (MET)

=What are the advantages of IUDs?=
The IUDs prevent contraception for a quite long period of time, which varies in function of the type of IUD.

The copper-containing IUD:
<ul>
<li>effective for ten years after insertion</li>
<li>the costs of IUDs are about $250, so if it is used for a long-term period, it becomes very cheap</li>
<li>it is highly effective, 99.5 %, the risks of getting pregnant is less than 1%, which is very low</li>
<li>after insertion, we do not have to pay much attention to the IUD, we just have to do gynaecologic controls as usual</li>
</ul>

The hormonal IUD:
as this IUD contains hormones, women have about the same advantages as using a pill, which means
<li> less painful menstruations
<li> lighter periods than the other IUDs
<li> as the copper-containing IUD, it does not require much attention of the women after insertion

=What are the disadvantages of IUDs?=

=Ethics of IUDs=

 

=References=
{{co|the links below might help... especially the first one in French...!}}--[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 17 janvier 2009 à 20:21 (MET)
#http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/levoru486/images/modes_contraception.swf
#http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentid=151
#http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band35/b35-2.html
#http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5541,00.html

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-22T08:30:48Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

IUD 08

2009-01-22T08:25:06Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

IUD 08

2009-01-22T08:19:42Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

IUD 08

2009-01-22T08:15:00Z

StephanieB : /* Does an IUD protect from STDs (= sexually transmitted diseases)? */

IUD 08

2009-01-22T07:57:14Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

IUD 08

2009-01-22T07:52:29Z

StephanieB : /* What are the advantages of IUDs? */

IUD 08

2009-01-22T07:33:52Z

StephanieB : /* How does it work? */

IUD 08

2009-01-22T07:20:21Z

StephanieB : /* How does it work? */

IUD 08

2009-01-08T08:31:51Z

StephanieB : /* How does it work? */

=What does IUD mean?=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=

The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells to encounter
an uvum. The basic IUD doesn't modofiy either the uterine cycle or the ovarian cycle. The ovulation happens normally, the menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize it, unlike the pill.

=How does it work?=

=What are the advantages of IUDs for women=
=What are the disadventages of IUDs for women?=

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method=

=How is an IUD inserted?=

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-08T08:31:16Z

StephanieB : /* What are the roles of IUDs? */

=What does IUD mean?=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=

The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells to encounter
an uvum. The basic IUD doesn't modofiy either the uterine cycle or the ovarian cycle. The ovulation happens normally, the menstruations are not induced by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize it, unlike the pill.

=How does it work?=
=What are the advantages of IUDs for women=
=What are the disadventages of IUDs for women?=

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method=

=How is an IUD inserted?=

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-08T08:31:00Z

StephanieB :

=What does IUD mean?=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=

The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells to encounter
an uvum. The basic IUD doesn't modofiy either the uterine cycle or the ovarian cycle. The ovulation happens normally, the menstruations are not ...... by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize it, unlike the pill.
=How does it work?=
=What are the advantages of IUDs for women=
=What are the disadventages of IUDs for women?=

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method=

=How is an IUD inserted?=

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-08T08:29:30Z

StephanieB : /* What are the roles of IUDs? */

=What does IUD mean?=

=What are the roles of IUDs?=

The role of an IUD is to avoid sperm cells to encounter
an uvum. The basic IUD doesn't modofiy either the uterine cycle or the ovarian cycle. The ovulation happens normally, the menstruations are not ...... by IUDs. If a woman has irregular cycles, the IUD won't regularize it, unlike the pill.

=What are the advantages of IUDs for women=
=What are the disadventages of IUDs for women?=

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method=

=How is an IUD inserted?=

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

IUD 08

2009-01-08T08:20:02Z

StephanieB :

=What does IUD mean?=
bxcbmyxbcnybxmcbyx

=What are the roles of IUDs?=

=What are the advantages of IUDs for women=
=What are the disadventages of IUDs for women?=

=When would a woman use an IUD as a contraceptive method=

----
back to [[Pregnancy_and_Contraception_3BIbDF02-03-04]] 
back to [[Accueil]]

Discussion:IUD 08

2009-01-08T08:12:19Z

StephanieB : Nouvelle page : http://www.femininbeaute.com/images/sterilet5.jpg http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/teaching/UVLibre/9900/bin71/mecan.htm http://www.infoscontraception.ch/index.cfm?rub=95&id=140

http://www.femininbeaute.com/images/sterilet5.jpg
http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/teaching/UVLibre/9900/bin71/mecan.htm
http://www.infoscontraception.ch/index.cfm?rub=95&id=140

Consignes

2009-01-08T07:37:18Z

StephanieB : /* 3BIbDF04 BRAWAND */

== Rédaction d'une page Wiki ==

Le but principal est de rédiger une page sous la forme de questions-réponses.

*Chaque question se traduira sous la forme d'un titre: il faut donc veiller à utiliser des titres explicites
*Plus la question sera précise et plus la réponse sera courte et facile à donner. Il faut donc définir les bonnes questions!
*Hiérarchiser les titres: posez-vous d'abord telle question, puis telle autre, etc.
*La réponse à une question va souvent vous servir de base pour une nouvelle question... et le cycle continue!
*Indiquez systématiquement la source de vos informations: URL, source bibliographique, etc.
*Variez vos sources en puisant dans les différents supports à disposition: livres, revues, articles, internet, etc.
*Tenez compte de ce qui a déjà été écrit sur le Wiki: ce n'est pas la peine de répéter inutilement des informations: une lecture préalable de la page s'imposera donc pour savoir où vous en êtes!
*Attention à l'orthographe et la syntaxe... ce que vous écrivez doit être lisible par tous!
*Datez et signez vos contributions à l'aide de: <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki>= [[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 27 août 2006 à 21:29 (MEST)

== Correction des pages Wiki ==
Vos pages seront corrigées régulièrement de la manière suivante! La ''couleur verte italique '' indiquera une correction de vos '''enseignants exclusivement'''.

Exemple:
 
L'Homme descend du Singe et le Singe descend de l'arbre...
 

{{co|Tout porte à croire que l'Homme descende du Singe et que donc, tous deux, aient un ancêtre commun relativement proche...}}

A vous de tenir compte des corrections en reformulant vos propos afin d'améliorer votre document!

Veuillez dans ce cas enlever le code de formatage de {{co|couleur verte italique}} utilisé par vos enseignants.

== Statut du document ==
*Le document lui-même n'est pas important, c'est ce qui a pu être construit à l'intérieur des élèves par toutes les étapes de l'activité qui est important. (F. Lombard)

*En d'autres termes... c'est le travail que vous produirez ensemble dans la mise sur pied du document qui vous sera utile à la compréhension du sujet.
*Ne perdez donc pas de temps à "formater" vos pages inutilement...

==Traitement des images==

Pour des raisons évidentes et légales, il n'est pas possible de charger nos pages Wiki avec des images.
Pourtant celles-ci sont particulièrement utiles à la bonne compréhension de certains mécanismes biologiques complexes...

Vous pouvez sans problème contourner ce problème de la manière suivante:

*dans la page Wiki, indiquez le lien de l'image si celle-ci a été prise sur Internet: ce lien permettra d'accéder à l'image "en ligne".
*copiez l'image sur le dossier Doc_annexes.doc qui se trouve sur le serveur Mimosa et renommer le fichier en indiquant le numéro de cours suivi du numéro de l'annexe:
::Exemple: '''4BIOS01_Annexe3.doc'''
*Complétez sur le document les points suivants:
:*le numéro de l'annexe
:*le titre de l'image
:*votre prénom
:*la source
:*un commentaire (légende explicative, etc.)
*Ce fichier word, sera ensuite imprimé et rajouter sous forme d'annexe au futur polycopié.
[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 25 septembre 2006 à 23:06 (MEST)

== Présentations orales ==
*Répartissez-vous le temps de parole entre les différents membres du groupe
*Partagez-vous les différentes parties de la présentation
*Indiquez le titre de votre présentation et son contexte (quel chapitre, ou quelle partie de chapitre, etc.)
*Exposez au préalable le plan de votre présentation: qui va parler de quoi et pourquoi!
*Description des résultats: projetez tout d'abord la page Wiki puis peut-être illustrez vos propos à l'aide d'une figure (en indiquant les sources)
*Exposez l'état de vos recherches: à l'heure actuelle de nos recherches, nous en sommes là... mais la semaine prochaine nous en serons peut-être là... Surtout, ne pas fermer les portes... il est normal que vous ne maitrisiez pas tout le sujet dès le début.
*Pour les présentations finales (qui seront généralement évaluées), prévoyez un support multimédia de type présentation Power Point avec au maximum 10 diapos. Prévoyez une diapositive d'introduction ainsi qu'une pour la conclusion.
*Faites des liens si possible avec les présentations des autres groupes
*Conclusions: la partie la plus intéressante! Elle doit permettre de soulever des questions chez vos auditeurs!
*Réponses aux questions: écoutez bien les questions... et réfléchissez quelques secondes avant de répondre. Soyez le plus clair possible dans votre réponse. Au besoin, répétez vos propos.

== Evaluation ==

L'évaluation portera sur différents aspects:

*Participation à la création des pages
*Connaissances acquises = tests de connaissances
*Aptitudes à transposer vos connaissances dans un situation particulière = tests d'aptitudes

*Présentations orales en classe:
**Plan de la présentation
**Clarté, concision, précision
**Vulgarisation
**Résultats
**Questions soulevées (débat)

==Rapports de laboratoire==

Quelques conseils pour l'écriture de vos rapports de biologie...
Suivez le plan suivant en indiquant les différentes rubriques

*'''Titre:'''
**Donner un titre général au laboratoire

*'''Introduction:'''
**Décrire le but de l'expérience ou de l'observation.
::*expérimentation: décrire le problème posé et résumer les travaux ou les connaissances précédents.
::*observations: décrire l'objet qui va être observé et ajouter quelques notes (provenance, mode de vie, etc…)

*'''Matériel et Méthodes:'''
**Technique utilisée
**Matériel nécessaire ou à disposition: liste précise des équipements, origine, lieu d'observation, date, météo, etc…
**Dessins et plans si nécessaire.

*'''Résultats:'''
**Penser à introduire vos résultats et à les exposer.
**Sous forme de tableaux, graphiques, dessins, avec légende ou texte explicatif.
**Vos résultats doivent être statistiquement valables… donc comparez-les à ceux de vos camarades de classe ou répéter l'expérience suffisamment de fois!
**Ne rien discuter ni commenter dans cette rubrique. Il s'agit ici uniquement de présenter les résultats.

*'''Discussion:'''
**Relier les résultats obtenus au but initial de l'expérience ou de l'observation.
**Interpréter les résultats en les reliant aux connaissances actuelles.
**Définir et proposer un éventuel modèle qui pourrait expliquer les résultats obtenus.

*'''Conclusion:'''
**Proposer d'autres expériences à faire afin de poursuivre l'étude de manière plus complète.
**Placer le travail dans un contexte plus large, discuter des conséquences, des implications, etc…
**La Conclusion peut être liée directement avec la partie Discussion sous forme de Discussion/Conclusion.

*'''Remarques:'''
**rendre un rapport propre, clair
**soigner la présentation: rapport dactylographié, entête comprenant: nom prénom, groupe, date
**résultats explicitement présentés
**textes des légendes écrits droits et reliés au dessin par un trait tiré à la règle
**dessins clairs et précis, suffisamment grands, en utilisant un bon crayon

 [[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 19 septembre 2008 à 21:59 (MEST)

== Signatures ==
*Datez et signez vos contributions à l'aide de: <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> que vous placerez après "lu et approuvé:"
*Ecrivez <nowiki> </nowiki> en fin de ligne pour faire un saut de ligne simple

====4BIOS02 BRAWAND====
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:AlexandraM|AlexandraM]] 19 septembre 2008 à 22:27 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:ZelalAS|ZelalAS]] 20 septembre 2008 à 10:12 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:MenushaR|MenushaR]] 20 septembre 2008 à 12:01 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:SimonS|SimonS]] 20 septembre 2008 à 17:59 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:MathiasF|MathiasF]] 21 septembre 2008 à 13:37 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:MelanieN|MelanieN]] 21 septembre 2008 à 18:52 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:KevinB|KevinB]] 22 septembre 2008 à 17:21 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:ThierryF|ThierryF]] 22 septembre 2008 à 22:06 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:FahimaM|FahimaM]] 23 septembre 2008 à 10:06 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:AnisMS|AnisMS]] 23 septembre 2008 à 10:08 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:MagaliS|MagaliS]] 23 septembre 2008 à 10:10 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:LorenzoC|LorenzoC]] 23 septembre 2008 à 10:15 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:CindyB|CindyB]] 25 septembre 2008 à 18:08 (MEST)
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 

====4BIOS03 ZIMMERLI====
lu et approuvé:

====3BIOS02 BRAWAND====
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:ChristelleB|ChristelleB]] 21 septembre 2008 à 21:20 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:IsabelleS|IsabelleS]] 21 septembre 2008 à 21:53 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:ChloeB|ChloeB]] 23 septembre 2008 à 19:53 (MEST) ChloéB 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:MariaS|MariaS]] 21 septembre 2008 à 23:03 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:LéoK|LéoK]] 22 septembre 2008 à 08:07 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:JacquesD|JacquesD]] 22 septembre 2008 à 22:19 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:RaniaER|RaniaER]] 23 septembre 2008 à 11:49 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:FabrizioP|FabrizioP]] 23 septembre 2008 à 11:50 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:KaltrinaI|KaltrinaI]] 23 septembre 2008 à 11:51 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:WanziB|WanziB]] 23 septembre 2008 à 11:52 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:GiacomoH|GiacomoH]] 23 septembre 2008 à 12:05 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:CedricP|CedricP]] 23 septembre 2008 à 12:06 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:CédricC|CédricC]] 24 septembre 2008 à 20:33 (MEST) 

====3BIbDF02 BRAWAND====
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:Pierre.brawand|Pierre.brawand]] 6 janvier 2009 à 16:42 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:CelineK|CelineK]] 6 janvier 2009 à 17:42 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:AurelieS|AurelieS]] 6 janvier 2009 à 17:51 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:XiaoranY|XiaoranY]] 6 janvier 2009 à 20:16 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:EstherO|EstherO]] 7 janvier 2009 à 13:32 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 

====3BIbDF03 BRAWAND====
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:MatiasC|MatiasC]] 11 décembre 2008 à 22:18 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:SubhanA|SubhanA]] 12 décembre 2008 à 17:53 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:CarolineP|CarolineP]] 13 décembre 2008 à 19:36 (MET) 
lu et approuvé:[[Utilisateur:NabilaN|NabilaN]] 17 décembre 2008 à 13:08 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:BernardoM|BernardoM]] 17 décembre 2008 à 15:27 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 

====3BIbDF04 BRAWAND====
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:DaraA|DaraA]] 11 décembre 2008 à 22:15 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:NorinaP|NorinaP]] 11 décembre 2008 à 22:25 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:MagaliN|MagaliN]] 11 décembre 2008 à 23:00 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:MargotM|MargotM]] 13 décembre 2008 à 14:37 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:MarjorieH|MarjorieH]] 16 décembre 2008 à 22:23 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:QuentinR|QuentinR]] 17 décembre 2008 à 14:03 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:MorganeD|MorganeD]] 17 décembre 2008 à 14:07 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:NourS|NourS]] 20 décembre 2008 à 12:09 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:ClementineR|ClementineR]] 7 janvier 2009 à 15:25 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:EstherU|EstherU]] 8 janvier 2009 à 08:33 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:SandyR|SandyR]] 8 janvier 2009 à 08:35 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: --[[Utilisateur:StephanieB|StephanieB]] 8 janvier 2009 à 08:37 (MET) 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 

====2BIOS01 BRAWAND====
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:NathanF|NathanF]] 7 octobre 2008 à 18:46 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:SophieM|SophieM]] 7 octobre 2008 à 19:09 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:BarbaraM|BarbaraM]] 7 octobre 2008 à 22:26 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:KevinS|KevinS]] 8 octobre 2008 à 13:50 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:ChristopheS|ChristopheS]] 8 octobre 2008 à 14:38 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:SophieLCDP|SophieLCDP]] 8 octobre 2008 à 17:56 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:EstelleP|EstelleP]] 8 octobre 2008 à 20:14 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:FenoAT|FenoAT]] 8 octobre 2008 à 20:16 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:DavidD|DavidD]] 8 octobre 2008 à 20:59 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:SelimS|SelimS]] 8 octobre 2008 à 22:42 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:OmarN|OmarN]] 8 octobre 2008 à 22:50 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:NatasaM|NatasaM]] 9 octobre 2008 à 07:29 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:EvelineL|EvelineL]] 9 octobre 2008 à 18:53 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: [[Utilisateur:SamyS|SamyS]] 12 octobre 2008 à 15:45 (MEST) 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
lu et approuvé: 
----
retour à [[Accueil]]